Energy Storage Systems and Their Applications

Energy storage systems

Devices that capture energy for later use.

Pumped storage systems

Use reservoirs to manage electricity demand peaks.

Hydroelectric dam

Generates electricity using water flow from reservoirs.

Kinetic pumped storage

Uses gravitational potential energy in water.

Reservoirs

Water storage areas at different elevations.

Electricity demand peaks

Sudden increases in electricity usage.

Gas-fired stations

Power plants using natural gas for electricity.

Flywheel

Spinning mass that stores rotational energy.

Rotational energy

Energy stored in a spinning object.

High-efficiency bearings

Reduce friction in mechanical systems.

Magnetic bearings

Bearings using magnetic fields to minimize friction.

Clockwork mechanism

Uses springs to store and release energy.

Capacitors

Store electricity using charged plates.

Supercapacitors

Rechargeable capacitors with high cycle life.

Regenerative braking

Recovers energy during vehicle deceleration.

Batteries

Devices converting chemical energy to electrical energy.

Primary batteries

Single-use batteries discarded after depletion.

Secondary batteries

Rechargeable batteries for multiple uses.

Alkaline batteries

Common primary batteries with 1.5 volts per cell.

Zinc-carbon batteries

Cheaper primary batteries with lower energy capacity.

Nickel cadmium batteries

Rechargeable batteries needing full discharge before recharging.

Lithium ion batteries

Adaptable rechargeable batteries with high energy density.

Lead-acid batteries

Large batteries used in vehicles and heavy equipment.

Battery disposal issues

Concerns over harmful chemicals contaminating the environment.