Chapter 1 - Music Fundamentals

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43 Terms

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Aspects of sound
Properties that are fundamental to the elements of sound and music
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Aspects of sound are
* **Pitch (Frequency)** - Wavelength
* **Dynamic (Amplitude)** - Wave height
* **Timbre (Tone color**) - Waveform
* **Articulation** - Envelope
* **Duration**
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Pitch (Frequency)
Wavelength
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Dynamic (Amplitude)
Wave height
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Timbre (Tone color)
Waveform
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Articulation
Envelope
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Wavelength
The distance between one wave and the next. Itā€™s related to the frequency and the pitch.
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Frequency
The rate of vibration measured in times per second called Hertz.
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The higher the frequency
the higher the pitch and the shorter the wavelength.
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Height
The size of each individual wave
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Amplitude
The length of the wave. It determines the loudness of the sound.
The length of the wave. It determines the loudness of the sound.
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Waveform
The shape and form of the sound wave as it moves in distance and frequency
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Timbre
Unique qualities of sound produces by the shape of the waveform
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Envelope
Composed of a sounds attack, sustain, and release
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Articulation
The manner in which we begin the note, sustain it, and end the note
 The manner in which we begin the note, sustain it, and end the note
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Duration
The length of time sound and silence last
 The length of time sound and silence last
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Staf (Staves)
Where most music is written. A space of five lines and four spaces.

* Lines and spaces are numbered from bottom to top.
Where most music is written. A space of five lines and four spaces.

* Lines and spaces are numbered from bottom to top.
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Clefs
What determines the names of the lines and spaces used

* Soprano
* Mezzo soprano
* Alto
* Tenor
* Baritone
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C clef
Sign used for all of the previously mentioned vocal ranges
 Sign used for all of the previously mentioned vocal ranges
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Movable C clef
The clef that locates middle C and moves around from line to line to designate range
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Alto clef
When the C clef is placed on the third line of the staff
 When the C clef is placed on the third line of the staff
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Tenor clef
When the C clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
 When the C clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
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Treble clef
When the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff
 When the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff
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Bass clef
When the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
 When the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff
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System
When multiple staves are connected together by bar lines, brackets, or a brace
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Neutral clef
Used for rhythm only or for pitchless or untuned instruments such as triangle, cymbals, or tambourine
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Ledger lines
Small lines that extend the staff while still keeping the five lines and four spaces intact
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Half step
The smallest space or distance between notes
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Sharp
Raises the pitch one half step above its natural pitch
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Flat
Lowers the pitch one half step below its natural pitch
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Enharmonic equivalent
When notes sound the same but are named differently
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Natural
The musical symbol that cancels out a flat or a sharp
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Double sharp
Musical symbol used to raise a pitch by two half steps
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Double flat
Musical symbol that lowers the pitch by two half steps
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parts of a musical note
* Head
* Stem
* Flag
* Beam
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Note head
Body of the note
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Stem
Part of a note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than the whole note
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Flag
Part of the note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than a quarter note
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Music notation symbols
Bar line

Measure

Double bar line

Final bar line
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Bar line
The vertical line that divides the staff into measures
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Measure
The unit of space between the bar lines
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Double bar line
Two lines that signal the end of a section of music
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Final bar line
Indicates the end of the piece or composition