Vocab review 2

Communism (n)

(chủ nghĩa cộng sản) Many historians have spent their lives studying the rise and fall of communism in Eastern Europe during the 20th century.

Home of (n.phr)

(quê hương của/nơi ở của) This region is known as the home of many rare bird species that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

Ceramic artist (n)

(nghệ nhân gốm) The ceramic artist spent years perfecting a unique glazing technique that gives her pottery a distinctive metallic finish.

Dean (college) (n)

(trưởng khoa) The dean of the medical college announced a new scholarship program for students specializing in pediatric surgery.

Nerdy (adj)

(mọt sách, lập dị) Although he was often teased for being nerdy in high school, he is now a highly successful software engineer at a top tech company.

Blind contest (n)

(cuộc thi ẩn danh) The architectural firm won the blind contest because the judges focused solely on the quality of the design rather than the company’s reputation.

Political statement (n)

(tuyên bố chính trị) The filmmaker used his latest documentary to make a powerful political statement about the importance of freedom of speech.

Carve (v)

(chạm khắc) Ancient civilizations used to carve intricate stories into stone walls to preserve their history for future generations.

Alphabetical order (n)

(thứ tự bảng chữ cái) Please make sure that all the student files are organized in alphabetical order to make them easier to retrieve.

Harass (v)

(quấy rối) The company has a zero-tolerance policy for any employee who attempts to harass or intimidate their colleagues in the workplace.

Family background (n)

(gia cảnh, nền tảng gia đình) During the interview, he spoke about how his humble family background motivated him to work harder and pursue a higher education.

Sculpture (n)

(tác phẩm điêu khắc) The museum recently acquired a contemporary metal sculpture that stands over five meters tall in the main courtyard.

Architecture (n)

(kiến trúc) The city is famous for its stunning Gothic architecture, featuring tall spires and intricate stone carvings on every building.

Civil right (n)

(quyền công dân) Leaders of the movement dedicated their lives to ensuring that every individual enjoys the same civil rights regardless of their race.

Confluence (n)

(ngã ba sông, sự hội tụ) The city was built at the confluence of two major rivers, making it a strategic center for trade and transportation.

House of representatives (n)

(hạ viện) The house of representatives is composed of members who are elected every two years to represent specific districts.

Election (n)

(cuộc bầu cử) Citizens are encouraged to research all candidates thoroughly before casting their vote in the upcoming general election.

Even-numbered years (n)

(những năm số chẵn) National congressional elections in the United States are typically held during even-numbered years in the month of November.

Prior to (prep)

(trước khi) Prior to joining the marketing team, she worked as a freelance graphic designer for several international fashion magazines.

Jurisdiction (n)

(thẩm quyền pháp lý) The local police department does not have jurisdiction over crimes committed on federal property or across state lines.

Foreign relations (n)

(quan hệ đối ngoại) The president met with several world leaders to discuss improving foreign relations and increasing international trade agreements.

Judicial review (n)

(xem xét tư pháp) The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, allowing it to declare laws unconstitutional if they violate basic rights.

Bills (government) (n)

(dự luật) The legislative body is currently debating several new bills aimed at reducing plastic waste and protecting the ocean.

Treaties (n)

(hiệp ước) Throughout history, nations have signed various treaties to end conflicts and establish long-term economic partnerships.

Ratification (n)

(sự phê chuẩn) The international climate agreement will only come into force after the ratification by at least fifty different countries.

Federal judges (n)

(thẩm phán liên bang) Federal judges are appointed for life to ensure that their legal decisions are not influenced by political pressure.

Cabinet members (n)

(thành viên nội các) The president met with his cabinet members to discuss the national budget and new healthcare initiatives.

Appointment (n)

(sự bổ nhiệm) Her appointment as the head of the central bank was welcomed by investors who expected her to maintain financial stability.

Impeachments-try impeachments (v.phr)

(định tội/xét xử luận tội) While the House has the power to bring impeachments, it is the Senate that has the exclusive authority to try impeachments.

Representatives (n)

(người đại diện/hạ nghị sĩ) Elected representatives are expected to listen to the concerns of their constituents and advocate for their needs in the capital.

Perform legislative work (v.phr)

(thực hiện công việc lập pháp) Most senators spend a significant portion of their day in committees to perform legislative work and draft new laws.

Committees (n)

(ủy ban) The organization has formed several small committees to oversee different aspects of the upcoming international conference.

Standing committees (n)

(ủy ban thường trực) Standing committees are permanent panels in Congress that consider bills and issues within specific subject areas.

Amend (v)

(sửa đổi) The board of directors voted to amend the company bylaws to allow for more flexible remote working arrangements.

Initiate revenue bills (v.phr)

(khởi xướng các dự luật ngân sách) According to the constitution, only the House of Representatives has the power to initiate revenue bills regarding taxes.

Speaker of the house (n)

(chủ tịch hạ viện) The speaker of the house is the presiding officer of the lower house and is responsible for maintaining order during debates.

Members of conference committees (n)

(thành viên ủy ban hội nghị) Members of conference committees work together to resolve differences between House and Senate versions of a particular bill.

Impeach (v)

(luận tội) Congress has the constitutional power to impeach high-ranking officials if they are found guilty of serious crimes or misconduct.

Elect president (v.phr)

(bầu tổng thống) Every four years, millions of citizens head to the polls to elect a president who will lead the country for the next term.

Electoral tie (n)

(trận hòa phiếu bầu) In the rare event of an electoral tie, the decision of who becomes the next leader is often determined by a special vote in the House.

War memorial (n)

(đài tưởng niệm chiến tranh) The city built a war memorial to honor those who fell in battle, providing a place for families to reflect and pay their respects.

Monument (n)

(di tích, đài bia) The Lincoln monument is one of the most visited historical sites in Washington, attracting millions of tourists each year.

Memorial (n)

(đài tưởng niệm) The park serves as a permanent memorial to the victims of the disaster, featuring a wall inscribed with their names.

Senate (n)

(thượng viện) The senate is responsible for debating and voting on national legislation, playing a crucial role in the country's checks and balances.

Senators (n)

(thượng nghị sĩ) Each state elects two senators to represent their interests in the capital and participate in the creation of federal laws.

Upper house of congress (n)

(thượng nghị viện) In many political systems, the upper house of congress serves as a deliberate body that reviews laws passed by the lower house.

Have exclusive powers (v.phr)

(có quyền hạn đặc biệt/độc quyền) The central government has exclusive powers to print money and declare war, which state governments do not possess.

Solid waste (n)

(rác thải rắn) The city is struggling to find a sustainable way to manage the massive amount of solid waste produced by its growing population.

Be dumped in (v.phr)

(bị đổ vào/vứt vào) Environmentalists are concerned that toxic chemicals are being dumped in the river by illegal factories during the night.

Untreated waste (n)

(chất thải chưa qua xử lý) Dumping untreated waste into the ocean can destroy coral reefs and lead to a significant decline in fish populations.

Prohibit (v)

(nghiêm cấm) New environmental laws strictly prohibit the use of certain harmful pesticides that have been linked to the decline of honeybees.

Wastewater sludge (n)

(bùn thải) After the primary treatment process, the wastewater sludge is often dried and used as a low-grade fertilizer for non-food crops.

Industrial waste (n)

(rác thải công nghiệp) Modern factories are now required to install advanced filtration systems to process their industrial waste before releasing it into the environment.

Radioactive waste (n)

(rác thải phóng xạ) The safe storage of radioactive waste is a major challenge for countries that rely heavily on nuclear energy for power.

Cruise ships (n)

(tàu du lịch/tàu du hành) Large cruise ships can carry thousands of passengers and often generate as much waste as a small city during a week-long voyage.

Floating fishing factories (n)

(tàu đánh cá chế biến tại chỗ) Floating fishing factories allow commercial crews to catch, process, and freeze massive amounts of seafood without returning to land.

Dispose of (v.phr)

(vứt bỏ/xử lý) It is important to learn how to correctly dispose of electronic items like old smartphones and laptops to prevent soil pollution.

Hydrological cycle (n)

(chu trình nước) The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

Water reserve (n)

(nguồn nước dự trữ) During the dry season, the city relies heavily on its underground water reserve to meet the needs of its residents.

Evaporate (v)

(bay hơi) As the sun heats the surface of the ocean, millions of gallons of water evaporate into the atmosphere every single day.

Water vapor (n)

(hơi nước) When water vapor in the air cools down, it condenses into tiny droplets that eventually form the clouds we see in the sky.

Drain into (v.phr)

(thoát nước vào/chảy vào) Several small streams in the valley drain into a large central lake that serves as the primary water source for the town.

Streams (n)

(dòng suối) The mountain is covered with crystal-clear streams that are filled with cold water from the melting snow at the peak.

Rush toward (v.phr)

(chảy xiết về phía) After the heavy rain, the water began to rush toward the lower parts of the village, causing concerns about potential flooding.

Petroleum products (n)

(sản phẩm dầu mỏ) Many everyday items, including plastics and certain fabrics, are actually derived from processed petroleum products.

Radioactive material (n)

(vật liệu phóng xạ) Any facility that handles radioactive material must follow extremely strict safety guidelines to protect the workers and the public.

Contaminant / Pollutant (n)

(chất gây nhiễm / chất gây ô nhiễm) The laboratory found a dangerous contaminant in the local drinking water supply; Carbon monoxide is a common atmospheric pollutant produced by vehicle exhausts.

Contamination / Pollution (n)

(sự nhiễm bẩn / sự ô nhiễm) The contamination of the lake made the fish unsafe for consumption; Environmental pollution remains one of the greatest challenges for the twenty-first century.

Algae - algae blooms (n)

(tảo / sự bùng phát của tảo) Some species of algae are essential for providing oxygen to marine life; Excessive fertilizer runoff often leads to toxic algae blooms that kill local fish populations.

Substance (n)

(chất) The scientist analyzed the mysterious substance found at the crash site and discovered that it was a rare type of metallic alloy.

Permanently (adv)

(vĩnh viễn) The construction of the new dam has permanently altered the local ecosystem and forced many residents to relocate.

Pose health problems (v.phr)

(gây ra các vấn đề sức khỏe) Long-term exposure to polluted air can pose serious health problems, especially for children and the elderly.

Road salt (n)

(muối rải đường) In winter, cities use road salt to melt ice on the highways, but this can eventually damage the soil and nearby vegetation.

Agricultural pesticides (n)

(thuốc trừ sâu nông nghiệp) While agricultural pesticides help increase crop yields, they can also harm beneficial insects like bees and butterflies.

Industrial runoff (n)

(nước thải công nghiệp chưa xử lý) Local authorities are monitoring the levels of chemicals in the river caused by industrial runoff from the nearby manufacturing zone.

Farming runoff (n)

(nước thải nông nghiệp) High levels of nitrogen found in the lake were traced back to farming runoff from the large cornfields located upstream.

Fertilizers (n)

(phân bón) Farmers use chemical fertilizers to provide essential nutrients to their crops and ensure a healthy harvest at the end of the season.

Manure (n)

(phân chuồng) Organic farmers often use animal manure as a natural way to enrich the soil without relying on synthetic chemicals.

Heavy metals (n)

(kim loại nặng) Toxic heavy metals such as lead and mercury can accumulate in the bodies of fish and eventually harm the humans who eat them.

Airborne pollution (n)

(ô nhiễm không khí) Airborne pollution from large factories can travel hundreds of miles before falling back to earth as acid rain.

Atmospheric fallout (n)

(bụi lắng khí quyển) Scientists are studying the atmospheric fallout from the volcanic eruption to determine its impact on the global climate.

Use up (pv)

(dùng hết/làm cạn kiệt) If we continue to use up our natural resources at this rate, future generations will face severe shortages of water and energy.

Ocean ecosystem (n)

(hệ sinh thái đại dương) Overfishing and rising sea temperatures are putting a tremendous amount of pressure on the delicate ocean ecosystem.

Radically alter (v.phr)

(thay đổi hoàn toàn) The introduction of invasive species can radically alter the balance of a local environment within just a few years.

Waste treatment plants (n)

(nhà máy xử lý chất thải) The city is investing in modern waste treatment plants to ensure that all sewage is cleaned before being released into the sea.

Wild weather (n)

(thời tiết khắc nghiệt/thất thường) Many regions are experiencing increasingly wild weather, ranging from sudden heat waves to unexpected blizzards.

Isle-isles (n)

(hòn đảo nhỏ) The coast of Scotland is dotted with hundreds of small isles that are home to unique wildlife and historic ruins.

Flood (n/v)

(lũ lụt/gây lụt) The heavy seasonal rains caused the river to burst its banks and flood the entire downtown business district.

Once-in-a millennium occurrence (n.phr)

(sự kiện nghìn năm có một) The massive volcanic eruption was described by geologists as a once-in-a millennium occurrence that changed the landscape forever.

Mud slides (n)

(lở đất/lở bùn) After several days of intense rain, the saturated hillsides gave way, causing dangerous mud slides that blocked the main highway.

Bury (v)

(chôn vùi) The massive avalanche was powerful enough to bury several small mountain cabins under meters of heavy snow within seconds.

Record rains (n)

(lượng mưa kỷ lục) The city experienced record rains last night, with more water falling in six hours than is usually seen in an entire month.

Drought (n)

(hạn hán) A prolonged drought in the central plains has led to a significant decrease in wheat production and rising food prices.

Heat waves (n)

(sóng nhiệt) During the summer heat waves, residents are advised to stay indoors and drink plenty of water to avoid heatstroke.

Human-made change (n)

(thay đổi do con người tạo ra) Scientists argue that the recent increase in global temperatures is a direct result of human-made change to the atmosphere.

A natural run of (n.phr)

(một chu kỳ tự nhiên của) Some experts believe the current dry spell is just a natural run of weather cycles that happens every fifty years.

Weather cycles (n)

(chu kỳ thời tiết) Understanding long-term weather cycles is essential for farmers to decide which crops are best suited for the upcoming seasons.

Accumulation (n)

(sự tích tụ) The steady accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the primary driver of modern climate change.

Greenhouse gases (n)

(khí nhà kính) Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, is crucial for slowing down global warming.

Hurricanes (n)

(bão lớn/bão Đại Tây Dương) The coastal residents were told to evacuate their homes immediately as the category five hurricane approached the shore.