Industrialization in Europe (1815-1914)

Flashcards focused on the key concepts and events in the spread of industrialization throughout Europe between 1815 and 1914.

The First Industrial Revolution primarily took place in __ between 1760 and 1830.

Great Britain.

The increase in food supply due to the Agricultural Revolution allowed people in Great Britain to spend less money on __ and invest more in manufactured goods.

food.

James Watt improved the __, which powered machines and allowed factories to operate away from water sources.

steam engine.

The repeal of the __ allowed Britain to import cheaper grain, boosting manufacturing and causing a migration from agriculture to urban factory work.

Corn Laws.

The __ is known as the period when the first real industrial city, Manchester, England, became a center of industrialization.

Second Wave Industrialization.

Electricity revolutionized the communications industry with the mass adoption of the __, enabling long-distance communication.

telegraph.

The middle class that emerged during industrialization, known as the __, did not work in factories but owned the means of production and managed businesses.

Bourgeoisie.

Women initially worked in factories during the First Industrial Revolution to support their families, but by the end of the 19th century, they primarily focused on __ duties.

domestic.

The __ Agreement was formed to lower trade barriers among German states, uniting them economically.

Zollverein.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published __, advocating for the working class to rise against the bourgeoisie.

The Communist Manifesto.

The __ proposed by the Frankfurt Assembly aimed to unify Germany under a constitutional monarchy, but was ultimately rejected.

constitution.

Following the Revolutions of 1848, many reforms were implemented in relation to working conditions, including the Factory Act of __, which limited child labor.

1833.

The concept of __ aimed to achieve a society where production means are owned collectively rather than by private individuals.

socialism.

Anarchism, which calls for the abolition of government altogether, was represented by revolutionary leader __.

Mikhail Bakunin.

The __ was a political belief that emerged as a reaction to the excesses of Enlightenment ideas, advocating for preserving traditions and social order.

Conservatism.

The __ Movement aimed to provide education for working class children, primarily through Sunday schools.

Sunday School.

The government reforms from 1870 to 1914 in Europe emphasized the importance of __, requiring education for children ages 6-12.

public schooling.