motivation and emotion unit

Drive reduction theory

Motivated to reduce whatever our body needs (hunger, thirst, homeostasis)

Ghrelin hormone

Stimulates appetite

growling

leptin

Reduces appetite

Arousal theory

Motivated to achieve and do things if you have a moderate level of arousal

Optimal level/ Yerkes Dodson law

Individuals perform best and experience the most pleasure when they are at a moderate, comfortable level of arousal

Incentive theory

Motivated by money, grades and praise

afiliation need

need to belong or need to build relationships

Self-determination theory

individuals have innate tendencies toward growth and possess three fundamental psychological needs: autonomy (feeling in control), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others)

Intrinsic motivation

what drives us to do something for its own sake—because we find it fulfilling, not because of external rewards like money or praise

Extrinsic motivation

is driven by external factors, like rewards or consequences, rather than the inherent enjoyment of the activity. 

Ostracism

Deliberate exclusion of individuals or groups

approach approach

choosing between 2 good options

Avoidance Avoidance

Choosing between teo bad options

Approach avoidance

good and bad option

drive theory

things you need to survive (food, water, shelter, sleep)

sensation seeking

thrill

Lewis motivational conflict theory

describes the psychological struggles individuals face when making decisions

James Lang theory

Something leads to something

canon bar

arousal and emotion are at the same time

Universal emotions

Doesn’t matter where you are people will detect these emotions ( emotions (anger, sad, happy, disgust)

Display rules

Cultural norms that dictate how, when, and where individuals should express emotions

self fullfilling prophecy

A belief or expectation that influences a person's actions in a way that makes the prediction come true

ex. If someone believes they will fail an exam, they might not study, which then leads to them failing, thus fulfilling their initial prediction. 

facial feedback effect

Facial expressions can influence and even shape our emotional experiences

-ex. if you’re forcing yourself to smile, you’ll likely lead to feeling more happy

Id

It's driven by instincts like hunger, thirst, and sexual urges. (basic insticts)

-devil

superego

morals and ethics

-angel

ego

reality

-balances out id and superego

Free association

Psychoanalytic technique where a patient expresses their thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship or self-criticism. The goal is to gain access to the unconscious mind and uncover underlying conflicts, motivations, and desires.