LESSON 4: Meiosis & Chromosomal Aberrations

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Last updated 3:10 PM on 7/27/26
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19 Terms

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Meiosis

- Produces gametes, haploid cells ($n$). Purpose: reduces chromosome number by half, maintains chromosome number after fertilization, and increases genetic variation.

- A special cell division process that cuts the number of chromosomes in half to make specialized sex cells like sperm and eggs.

Example: Turning a regular human body cell with 46 chromosomes into a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes.

<p>- Produces gametes, haploid cells ($n$). Purpose: reduces chromosome number by half, maintains chromosome number after fertilization, and increases genetic variation.</p><p>- A special cell division process that cuts the number of chromosomes in half to make specialized sex cells like sperm and eggs.</p><p>Example: Turning a regular human body cell with 46 chromosomes into a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes.</p>
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Meiosis I

- Reduction Division: Homologous chromosomes separate.

<p>- Reduction Division: Homologous chromosomes separate.</p>
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Meiosis II

Equational Division; Sister chromatids separate.

<p>Equational Division; Sister chromatids separate.</p>
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Crossing Over

Prophase I; Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes.

<p>Prophase I; Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes.</p>
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Independent Assortment

Metaphase I; Random arrangement of chromosomes

<p>Metaphase I; Random arrangement of chromosomes</p>
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Autopolyploidy

- Within the same species.

If within the same species

<p>- Within the same species.</p><p>If within the same species</p>
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Allopolyploidy

Between different but related species.

<p>Between different but related species.</p>
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Euploidy

- Complete chromosome sets

<p>- Complete chromosome sets</p>
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Polyploidy

More than two chromosome sets

<p>More than two chromosome sets</p>
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Aneuploidy

Extra or missing chromosomes.

<p>Extra or missing chromosomes.</p>
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Nullisomy

2N−2

<p>2N−2</p>
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Monosomy

2N−1

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Trisomy

2N+1

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Tetrasomy

2N+2

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Disorders

- trisomy 21

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Edward Syndrome

Trisomy 18

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Patau Syndrome

Trisomy 13v

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Turner Syndrome

45,X

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Klinefelter Syndrome

XXY