AP Psych Module 3.9 Social, Cognitive, and Neurological Factors in Learning

cognitive map

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment (e.g. after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it)

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

insight learning

solving problems through sudden insight; contrasts with strategy-based solutions

observational learning

learning by observing others. (Also called social learning)

modeling

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

mirror neurons

neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so; the brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy

prosocial behaviors

positive, constructive, helpful behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior

antisocial behavior

negative, destructive, harmful behavior; the opposite of prosocial behavior