APUSH Unit 1: The New World Terms

22 Terms; 3 questions

Tenochtitlan

Capital city of Aztec empire city built on marshy islands on western side of lake Tetzcoco

Aztec

Mesoamerican people who were conquered by spanish 1519-1528

Great League of Peace

Alliance of Iroquois tribes originally formed between 1450-1600, combined their strength to pressure Euro’s to work w/them in fur trade and wage war across eastern North America

Caravel

Fifteenth century European ship capable of long-distance travel (reason for exploration)

Reconquista

“reconquest” of Spain from Moors completed for King Ferdinand/Queen Isabella in 1492

Conquistadores

“conquerors” applied to Spanish/Portuguese soldiers who conquered lands (conquered central/south America)

Columbian Exhcnage

Transatlantic flow of goods and people (began because of Columbus in 1492)

Creoles

Persons born in the New World of European ancestry

Haciendo

Large-scale farm in Spanish New World empire worked by Indian labor

Mestizo

Spanish word for person of mixed native American/European ancestry

Ninety-Five Theses

List of moral grievances against Catholic Church by Martin Luther (German Preist) in 1517

Bartolomé

Catholic Missionary renounced Spanish practice of corrosively converting Indians (did not believe to be cruel to Indians). 1552, wrote “A belief Relation of destruction of the Indies”

Repartimineto System

Spanish labor system which Indians were legally free/able to earn wages (rights for Indians) but needed to work a number of labor yearly (Harsh system=death; replaced encomienda system)

Black Legend

The Spanish New world empire was more oppressive toward Indians than other European empires (justification for English imperial expansion)

Pueblo Revolt

Uprising in 1680 which pueblo Indians temporarily drove Spanish colonists out of New Mexico

Indentured Servants

Settlers signed on temporary period of servitude in exchange for passage to the New World (Virginia/Pennsylvania most populated with English/German servants in 17/18th century)

Metis

Children of marriages between Indian woman/French traders and officials

Borderland

Place between/near recognized where no group of peoples where geographical/cultural borders are not clearly identified

Cahokia

Largest Indian group in North America

Three Sisters

(Corn, Beans, and Squash) favored by many native tribes (main food that was traded)

Treaty of Tordesillas

Signed between Spain/Portugal in 1409 decided how Christopher would explore the New World

Spanish Requirement of 1513:

Spain asserted its divine right to conquer the New World. Stating its main conquer was to rescue the natives

Question: How was the Native tribes in North America?

Native tribes had complex/diverse societies with unique religious, political, and cultural beliefs

Question: Why did the Europeans conquer North America?

Only conquered to gain wealth/military status to spread ideas of Christianity. The exploration led to negative consequences. (changed landscapes through old world livestock's, relocation/disruption of tradition was cause of enslavement, Euro wanted trade for spices)

Question: How was the relation between Europeans and Natives?

Relation between Euro’s and Indians were misunderstood and conflict regarding not only land/resources but also differing culture beliefs