NIFE Aero Review Questions

Spanwise flow travels __ to the leading edge and chordwise flow travels __ to the leading edge.

Parallel, Perpendicular

What is pitch attitude?

The angle b/t the an airplane's longitudinal axis and the horizon.

Flight path is defined as:

The path described by its center of gravity as it moves through an air mass.

Relative wind is:

equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the flight path

Angle of attack is:

the angle between the relative wind and the chordline of an airfoil.

Rotation around the vertical axis is known as:

Yaw

A rolling moment around the __ axis is affected by the __.

Longitudinal, aileron

Stepping on the right rudder pedal moves the rudder to the __, causing the plane to __.

Right, Yaw to the right

Rotation about the lateral axis is controlled by the:

Elevator

The aerodynamic center is best described as:

The point along the chordline around all changes in aerodynamic force take place. Aka Max thickness or 25% chordline.

Aerodynamic forces are comprised of:

Lift and Drag

Which factors of the coefficient of lift can a pilot affect? Lift?

CL: AOA, Camber

Lift: AOA, Camber, Velocity

As AOA increases, dynamic pressure __ and static pressure __ on the upper surface of the airfoil.

Increase, decrease

For equilibrium flight, if AOA Increases, velocity must __ to maintain level flight. AOA Decreases?

Decrease, Increase

A positively cambered airfoil at 0 units AOA produces __ lift. (more or less lift than symmetric or 0 lift?)

More

Raising flaps (aka Retracting/Flaps Up) will __ CL(max) and __ CL(max) AOA. Lowering flaps (aka Extending/Flaps down)?

Decrease, increase

Increase, decrease

A decrease in AOA while all other factors remain constant will result in a __ in lift.

Decrease

Drag is the component of aerodynamic force that acts __ to relative wind.

Parallel

Parasite drag includes:

Form and friction drag

Parasite drag varies __ with __ squared.

directly, velocity

The circular motion imparted to airflow around the tips of a finite wing results in:

an increase in downwash and increase in induced drag

In level flight, induced drag varies __ with velocity.

inversely

If AOA increases in level flight, induced drag will:

Increase

At L/D(max) AOA: (multiple answers)

Max Range

Dp = Di

Lowest Dt

Greatest L/D ratio

Most efficient AOA

The most efficient AOA is known as:

L/D(max) AOA

A stall occurs when:

an increase in AOA results in a decrease in CL

The minimum true airspeed required to maintain level flight at CL(max) AOA is also known as:

Stall Speed

Why is power-on stall speed less than power-off stall speed?

Because part of the airplane's weight is being supported by the vertical component of the thrust vector

In order to recover from the stall the pilot must: (multiple answers)

Decrease AOA

Slowly increase to max throttle

Level wings

Center the ball

The two components needed for a spin to occur are:

Spin and a yawing moment

An increase in __ will always cause an increase in IAS(s) AND V(s):

Weight ONLY

Take off distance will __ with a decrease in density.

Increase

An increase in humidity or an increase in density altitude results in: (multiple answers)

decrease on density

Longer takeoff distance

Which type of climb maximizes altitude while minimizing distance traveled?

Max angle of climb

Which performance profile yields the maximum altitude gains per unit of time?

Rate if climb

__ in located at the lowest point of the Total Drag curve whereas __ is located at the lowest point of the Power Required curve.

L/D(max)/Max range, Max Endurance

If you wish to minimize fuel consumption during a flight to land with as much fuel as possible, you would fly what performance profile?

Max Endurance

Where does max glide range occur?

at L/D(max) AOA and velocity

Where does max endurance occur? (multiple answers)

Bottom of Power Required curve

At an AOA higher than and at a velocity lower than L/D(max)

Which gliding profile has a slower rate of descent during power-off flight?

Max glide endurance

If increasing AOA while operating in the region of reverse command a pilot must __ power to balance the __ in induced drag and prevent the airplane from (descending or climbing)?

increase, increase, descending

A moment is

force times the perpendicular distance from a fulcrum

Air density is defined by

mass of air per unit if volume

At 5000' MSL, IAS is __ than TAS, and __ (In/De) as TAS __ (In/De).

Less, decreases, decreases

The center of gravity is

the point that describes an aircraft's flight path as it moves through an air mass.

A pitching moment around the __ axis is controlled by the __

lateral, elevator

Lift is the

component of aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the relative wind.

A __ airfoil produces __ lift at zero degrees AOA. (multiple answers)

Positive, some

Symmetric, zero

TAS is

equivalent airspeed corrected for density

Angle of incidence is defined by the difference between

the chordline and the horizon

__ airspeed is displayed in the cockpit by calculating __ from Bernoulli's equation from the pitot-static system measurements.

Indicated, dynamic pressure

Spanwise airflow travels __ to the leading edge and chordwise flow travels __ to the leading edge.

parallel, perpendicular

The line connecting all points halfway between the __ and __ of the airfoil is the __.

Upper surface, lower surface, mean camber line

What variables remain constant over time for air particles in steady airflow?

Temperature, Pressure, Density, Velocity

If pressure remains constant in the General Gas Law, temperature and velocity have a(n) __ relationship.

Inverse

The variable within the lift equation a pilot can affect in flight are?

AOA, Camber, Velocity

Which statement is true about a stream tube?

as the cross sectional area of one end decreases (increases), velocity increases (decreases)

Retracting the flaps __ CL(max) and __ CL(max) AOA. Extending?

Decreases, Increases

Increases, Decreases

If the sum of all forces and moments around the __ are equal to zero, the plane is in __ flight.

Center of gravity, Equilibrium

L/D Max yields (multiple)

Max Range

Minimum total drag

Greatest Lift to drag ratio

Di = Dp

Most efficient AOA

As IAS decreases, total drag is primarily composed of:

Induced drag

Induced drag is the result of an increase in __ (downwash or upwash) and increases as AOA __.

Downwash, increases

__ are two types of flow that exist within the boundary layer.

Laminar and turbulent

A stall occurs when:

an increase in AOA results in a decrease in CL

Stall speed increases in (multiple answers)

Powered-off flight

Flaps retracted/raised

The minimum true airspeed required to maintain level flight at CL(max) AOA is also known as:

Stall speed

The two conditions needed for a spin are:

exceeding CL(max) AOA (stall) and a yawing moment

During a spin, the __ wing is more stalled and experiences an increase in __.

Downgoing, drag

As weight __, stall speed __.

Increases, increases

decreases, decreases

The most efficient AOA is known as

L/D(max) AOA

As humidity __, density will __ and minimum takeoff speed will __. (multiple)

Increase, decrease, increase

Decrease, increase, decrease

Vx (max Angle of climb) speed should be used for

Obstacle clearance

Minimum takeoff distance (multiple)

Increases with a tail wind

Decreases with a headwind

Increases with 4-H

Max endurance

the maximum time an airplane can remain airborne for a given amount of fuel

If you are flying a max endurance profile and you want to transition to a max range profile, you must __ your AOA and __ your velocity.

Decrease, Increase

__ is located at the lowest point of the Total Drag curve whereas __ is located at the lowest point of the power required curve.

L/D(max)/Max range, Max endurance

If increasing velocity in the region of reverse command, the pilot should __ power to balance the __ in induced drag.

Decrease, decrease

To minimize fuel consumption during a flight, you would fly what performance profile?

Max endurance

The aircraft's tendency to yaw __ is due to slipstream swirl which requires correction via __

Left, Right rudder

P-factor is most notable during what regime of flight?

High Power settings and low airspeeds

A __ results from__ rudder and leads to a __ in turn radius and __ in turn rate. (multiple)

Slip, insufficient, increase, decrease

Skid, excessive, decrease, increase (BAD)

In a skid, the ball will be on the __ side of the turn needle and the nose will be __ of the turn. Slip?

Opposite, inside

Same, outside

During a coordinated turn, __ must increase to maintain level flight.

Lift AND power

The limit load is __ the ultimate load.

2/3

The ultimate load is __ the limit load.

1.5x

What is the point called between the accelerated stall line and the positive limit load?

Maneuver point/Maneuver speed (Va)/Cornering speed

Wake turbulence is weakened by? Strengthened by?

Light, fast, dirty

Heavy, slow, clean

How should a pilot takeoff after a larger airplane recently took off on the same runway?

Take off prior to the airplane's point of liftoff

How should a pilot land after a larger airplane recently landed on the same runway?

Land past the prior airplane's point of landing

The minimum landing speed is __ times the stall speed while the minimum takeoff speed is __ times the stall speed.

1.3, 1.2

The load factor equation is

N = L/W

Wind shear affects __ and is most dangerous during __.

IAS and GS, Slow airspeed and low altitude