09/09 Lecture 23 - Large Intestine and Liver

Large intestine

This is a large organ responsible for absorbing water from chyme and storing faeces until defecation. Consists of the cecum, colon, and rectum

Cecum

This is the initial segment of the large intestine, receives chyme from the small intestine

Colon

This makes up the majority of the large intestines’ length, contains goblet and absorptive cells

Rectum

This is the largest part of the large intestine, stores faeces before defecation

Ileocecal valve

This regulates the passage of material into the large intestine

Appendix 

This is an organ that stores a reserve of good bacteria, attached to the cecum 

Haustra

These are the bulbous pockets that make up the large intestine, gives larger surface area for faeces storage and water absorption

Teniae coli

These are bands of longitudinal

Omental appendices

These are sacs of visceral fat around the blood and lymphatic vessels of the large intestine

Anal columns

These structures mark the boundary in the colon where epithelium changes from simple columnar to stratified squamous, and produces a large amount of mucus

Internal anal sphincter

This is the anal sphincter under involuntary control

External anal sphincter

This is the anal sphincter under voluntary control

Liver

This is an organ in the URQ and attached to the stomach by the lesser omentum. It detoxifies blood, produces bile, and performs metabolic processes 

Hepatic artery

This is the artery that supplies around 30% of the livers’ blood supply

Hepatic portal vein

This is the blood vessel that supplies around 70% of the livers’ blood supply

Hepatocyte

This is a liver cell

Gallbladder

This is a hollow organ below the liver that stores and concentrates bile

Bile duct

This is formed by the joining between the common hepatic duct and the gallbladder 

Lobule

This refers to a functional unit of the liver

Portal triad

This is a branch of the bile duct, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic artery, at a corner of a lobule’s hexagon

Bile canaliculi

These are canaliculi in liver tissue that move produced bile from the liver into the bile duct

Hepatic vein

This collects venous blood from the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava

Hepatopancreatic ampulla 

This structure connects the bile duct to the pancreatic duct