Periodic Table Review Flashcards

Flashcards about the periodic table and its trends, covering topics such as element organization, properties, and key figures.

Which group of elements separates the A groups on the left and right sides of the periodic table?

Group B elements

How do the charge on the nucleus and the number of occupied energy levels change as the atomic number increases within a group?

As the atomic number increases within a group, the charge on the nucleus and the number of occupied energy levels increase.

What characterizes the electron configuration of transition metals?

The highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel generally contain electrons.

What defines an inner transition metal?

Lanthanide or actinide series where the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel of its atoms generally contain electrons.

What information do periodic tables typically contain for each element?

Name, symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, and number of electrons in each energy level.

What is the general trend for atomic size in the periodic table?

Increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across a period.

What is the trend for first ionization energy in the periodic table?

Decrease from top to bottom within a group and increase from left to right across a period.

How does ionic size generally change in the periodic table?

Increase from top to bottom within a group; generally decreases from left to right across a period.

What is the trend for electronegativity values in the periodic table?

Decrease from top to bottom within a group; tend to increase from left to right across a period for representative elements.

How did early chemists classify elements?

They used the properties of elements to sort them into groups.

What is a triad in the context of early element classification?

A set of three elements with similar properties.

How did Mendeleev arrange elements in his periodic table?

Increasing atomic mass.

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

Increasing atomic number.

What are the three classes of elements?

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

What is the periodic law?

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

What are the general properties of metals?

Good conductors of heat and electric current; ductile, malleable, and shiny.

What are the general properties of nonmetals?

Poor conductor of heat and electric current; properties opposite to those of metals.

What are the general properties of metalloids?

Properties similar to those of metals and nonmetals.

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

Increasing atomic number.

How many rows, or periods, are there in a periodic table?

7

What does each period in the periodic table correspond to?

Corresponds to a principal energy level.

Where do elements with similar properties end up in the periodic table?

Elements with similar chemical and physical properties end up in the same vertical column in the periodic table.

What does the group number tell you about the number of electrons?

The group number is equivalent to the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

What does the periodic table usually display?

Symbols and names of elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.

How can elements be sorted based on their electron configurations?

Noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.

What is an alkali metal?

Any metal in group 1A of the periodic table.

What is an alkaline earth metal?

Any metal in group 2A of the periodic table.

What is a halogen?

A nonmetal in group 7A of the periodic table.

What is a noble gas?

An element in group 8A of the periodic table where the s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are filled.

What is a representative element?

An element in an 'A' group in the periodic table; the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled.

Where are valence electrons located?

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms.

What is the main role of valence electrons?

Determines the chemical properties of an element.

How do you find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element?

Look at its group number.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion.

What is an electron dot structure?

A notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element.

What is the octet rule?

Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons to acquire the electron structure of a noble gas.

What is a halide ion?

A negative ion formed when a halogen atom gains an electron.

What is atomic radius?

One-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.

What is an ion?

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

What is a cation?

Any atom or group with a positive charge.

What is an anion?

Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge.

What is ionization energy?

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.

How do atomic size, ionization energy, ionic size, and electronegativity vary in the periodic table?

They vary across periods and groups of the periodic table and can be explained by variations in atomic structure.

How does the shielding effect compare to the increase in nuclear charge as atomic number increases within a group?

The shielding effect of occupied orbitals is greater than the effect of the increase in nuclear charge.