Connected Speech Modifications

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on connected speech, focusing on segmental and suprasegmental modifications.

What are the two kinds of modifications in connected speech?

Segmental and Suprasegmental.

What does segmental modification refer to?

All phonetic symbols that we have been learning.

What are suprasegmental modifications applied to?

Stress, intonation, and timing.

What diacritic indicates rising intonation?

[7] Rising intonation.

How is falling intonation represented in diacritics?

[] Falling intonation.

What does [1] signify in connected speech?

A short pause.

What is represented by [11] in connected speech?

A long pause.

What is the difference between 'a nice man' and 'an iceman'?

It demonstrates a difference in juncture.

What are the qualities of stressed syllables?

Higher in pitch, louder in volume, and longer in duration.

What is primary stress?

The strongest stress in a multisyllabic word.

What types of words are usually stressed in sentences?

Content words, which include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Which type of words carry less meaning and are less likely to be stressed?

Function words, such as pronouns, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.

What does intonation refer to?

Changes in pitch used to indicate statement, question, exclamation, or mood.

What are tonic syllables?

The syllables that receive the greatest pitch change within an intonational phrase.

What is an example of a sentence with rising intonation?

'You know that?' indicating a question.

How do pauses function in connected speech?

Emphasize key words, allow for breath, or give time to think.

What is an external juncture?

A pause between intonational phrases.

What contrasts between open and closed syllables?

Vowels in open syllables are longer than in closed syllables.

What can happen when a final consonant in a word is identical to the initial consonant in the next word?

The sound may not be repeated, instead, the sound is lengthened.

What is timing in connected speech?

Duration of individual phonemes and pauses.

What are the longest phoneme durations typically?

Diphthongs, vowels, and glides & liquids.