Metabolic Pathways Review

These flashcards encompass key concepts related to metabolic pathways, energy yield, and regulation of metabolism.

What are the main energy yield products from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

2 NADH and 2 ATP.

What role does the electron transport chain play in cellular respiration?

It generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation by creating a proton gradient.

Which complex in the electron transport chain does not pump protons?

Complex 2 does not pump protons.

What is the primary function of ATP synthase?

To synthesize ATP using the energy from the proton gradient.

What is the regulatory enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

What determines whether glycogen will be released as free glucose or remain in its phosphorylated form?

The presence of glucose 6-phosphatase in the liver allows for free glucose release.

How does insulin affect glycogen synthase?

Insulin activates glycogen synthase by dephosphorylation.

What is the main effect of glucagon on glycogen metabolism?

Glucagon promotes glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase.

What two forms of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) exist, and where are they located?

ACC1 is in the cytoplasm and ACC2 is in the mitochondria.

During fatty acid synthesis, what is used as the reducing power?

NADPH.