travel and tourism exam

communication

the process of sending and receiving messages

communication barriers

1. poor timing

2. differences in background

3. distractions

downward communication

the passage of information from an organizations higher levels to lower levels

school and sports tourism

this type of travel is mostly done during childhood and adolescence

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

(top to bottom)

1. self actualization

2. self-esteem

3. love and belonging

4. safety and security

5. physiological needs

order of travel motivation cycle

1. need

2. motivation

3. want

4. benefit

the role of marketers in travel

arousing needs, sustaining interests, and motivating action-taking

attachment stage

occurs when interest is sustained and strengthened, leading to a go-decision

IoT (internet of things) tourism

smart hotel rooms that adjust lighting and temperature with apps/devices

niche travel examples

1. ecotourism

2. culinary tours

3. wellness retreats

T/F

MICE events help maintain steady occupancy rates and tourism activity through the year

true

Dissonance-Reducing behavior

consumer behavior that is used when individuals try to limit the amount of discomfort or regret they experience from making a purchase

Meaning tourism involves what

personal engagement

Deep connections

a sense of place component that encompasses a sense of belonging, even if they’re only visiting

which factors is used in order to create a distinct and memorable atmosphere

immersion and theming

which staff training is needed to improve tourism experiences

emotional intelligence

dynamic pricing

hotels use this pricing strategy to adjust room rates based on demand

which day of the week has the lowest airfare travel

wednesday

T/F

people in the position of power represent their groups and are seen as the embodiement of their cultural values

true

inflation, cost of living, exchange rate fluctuation, and consumer spending are part of which PESTEL factor

economics

T/F

utilizing fear in a social interaction are never done together because they can weaken the group cohesion, hindering their bonding experience

false

common obstacles to listening

1. allowing the mind to wonder

2. thinking of someone/something

3. focusing on one word or idea

4. negative reactions to physical characteristics of a speaker

5. taking too many notes

lateral communication

the passage of information between persons at the same level in the organization

why do people travel

1. leisure and relaxation

2. cultural exploration/learning

3. adventure/thrill-seeking

4. social interaction/bonding

5. business/professional development

6. health and wellness

7. status and prestige

how is travel experiential at different stages in life

1. childhood/adolescence- family oriented/school and sports

2. young adulthood- adventure/exploration, social/party, carter/educational

3. midlife/family years- family vacations, luxury/comfort, business/conference

4. mature adulthood- cultural/heritage, wellness/relaxation, bucket list

5. retirement- leisure/relaxation, health/wellness, multi-generational

components of travel

1. need- fundamental need to travel

2. motivation- using travel to satisfy fundamental need

3. want- tangible articulation for consumers to express their need and motivation

4. benefit- positive personal outcome

MICE events

helps maintain steady seasonal rates throughout the year

they spend more on accommodations, dining, and entertainment

improves cities transportation, hospitality, and technology

Las Vegas and Dubai are big MICE hubs

consumer behaviors

1. complex purchasing behavior- being highly involved in the purchase (cars, houses), high diversity

2. dissonance-purchasing behavior- consumers are highly involved, but little diversity in brands

3. habitual purchasing behavior- consumers buying a product out of habit (groceries)

4. variety-seeking behavior- consumers switching from their usual brands to try something new (snacks or drinks)

tourism experience

when an individual engages in and makes sense of events and activities with their tourism destination

4 components of related to the sense of place

1. deep connection

2. emotional impact

3. heightened sensory awareness

4. shifts in perspective

7 stages of the tourism experience

1. anticipation (planning)

2. traveling to the destination

3. (on-site) arrival and stay

4. participation in local activities

5. return travel

6. recollection (post-trip reflection)

7. reminiscence and future planning

what does a tourism experience require

engagement at the emotional, physical, intellectual, and spiritual level

themes of tourist aesthetic judgement

1. authenticity

2. novelty

3. scenery and natural beauty

4. cultural richness

5. cleanliness and odor

6. atmosphere and ambience

7. symbolism and meaning

immersion and theming

experience design, where a destination must create a distinct and memorable atmosphere

themed environments

mitigating guest discomfort

removing pain points: long waits, confusing signs, overcrowding, cleanliness, crowd control and temperature regulation

staff training

emotional intelligence and guest engagement

best booking times

domestic- 1-3 months in advance

international- 3-6 months in advance

peek season- 6+ months in advance

off season- 1-4 weeks in advance

booking/check in

sunday and monday for booking hotels

sunday through tuesday check in

tuesday and wednesday have historically low prices for, flights

tuesday, wednesday, saturday have lowest demand=cheapest rates, for flights

adjusting room prices

hotels change rates based on demand and occupancy levels

peak season vs. off season

peak- holidays, summer, major events; demand is predictable, prices rise as date approaches

off- hotels may drop prices last minute to fill unsold rooms

storytelling/narratives shaping perspectives on the world

storytelling- influences events, relationships, and cultural norms

narrative- make sense of complex social dynamic, reinforce/challenge existing beliefs, connect emotionally with experiences beyond their own

power influencing storytelling

determines who gets to tell stories

whose voices are amplified

determining which narratives become dominant in shaping collective understanding

political, economic, and cultural power structures shape the stories that circulate in society

those in power influence perceptions of truth, identity, and social norms

people in power are seen as the embodiment of cultural values

perception of a destination influencing travel intentions

destination image and branding

safety and security perception

marketing and media influence

infrastructure and accessibility

cultural and social perceptions

fear and social interactions creating bonds

bonding through shared experiences

invokes psychological effect called “emotional contagion”: shared emotions strengthen group cohesion

acts as a signal to communicate that one is daring or adventurous

dark hospitality

thrill-seeking individuals willing to face physical or psychological harm

appeal centering around thrill, morbid curiosity, and the desire for unique experiences

roller stay in haunted houses because

atmosphere, ambience

paranormal activity

psychological effects

curiosity and adventure

interest in history

entertainment value

social media and pop culture

theming of a dark tourist destination

historical tragedy, surreal landscape, concept of abandoned, radioactive area left untouched by modern development