BUDDHIST EXPANSION - INDONESIA & MALAY ARCHIPELAGO

Peninsular Malaysia

shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

• East Malaysia

shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam.

Peninsular Malaysia

shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

• East Malaysia

shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam.

KUALA LUMPUR

CAPITAL CITY OF MALAYSIA

• Indonesia

-Bestrides the equator and is considered as the world’s largest island country

-Sunda Islands

-Sumatra

-Java

-Borneo

-Sulawesi (Celebes)

-Maluku (Moluccas)

-New Guinea

• Major Island Groups OF INDONESIA:

-North: Philippines -South: Australia

Maritime neighbors OF INDONESIA

JAKARTA

CAPITAL CITY OF INDONESIA

1. MUSLIM

2. BUDDHISM

RELIGION

Malaysia

is a federal constitutional monarchy.

Indonesia

is a Republic with a presidential system.

Brunei

is an absolute monarchy under a Sultan

•Hindu-Buddhist •Gupta Influences •Javanese Architecture •Balinese Architecture •Islamic Influences

Architectural Character

kampongs (villages)

Malays have traditionally lived-in small settlements known as

raised floor

Kampong is found in the muddy swamps and estuaries of Malaysia, where the BLANK is necessary to keep the house away from the water.

USE OF CORBELLED ARCHES

OPENINGS

-Bumbung Perak

-Dutch-style roof ridge - Its more complex gable ends dictate the use of modern roofing materials

MALAYSIA

Bumbung Pajang

-long ridge roof

MALAYSIA

Bumbung Lima

-hipped roof

MALAYSIA

Bumbung Tiang Enam

-Thai and Cambodian influences.

MALAYSIA

•Sarawak

-Long Houses

MALAYSIA

Sabah

-Lotud House

MALAYSIA

KEK LOK SI

A BUDDHIST TEMPLE SITUATED IN AIR ITAM IN PENANG FACING THE SEA AND COMMANDING AN IMPRESSIVE VIEW AND IS ONE OF THE BEST KNOWN TEMPLES ON TH EISLAND

LARGEST BUDDHIST TEMPLE IN MALAYSIA

ISTANA SERI MENANTI

ONE O F THE FEW REMAINING TIMBER PALACES IN MALAYSIA

RESIDENCE OR PALACE OF THE SULTAN OR RAJA

Rumah Gadang(big house)

are the traditional homes (rumah adat) of the Minangkabau.

Refers to large communal homes •Serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities

INDONESIA

•Matrilineal -

the rumah gadang is owned by the women of the family who live there and ownership is passed from mother to daughter.

INDONESIA

curved roof structure

•Houses have dramatic BLANK with multi-tiered, upswept gable

INDONESIA

Rangkiang

– Graanary

INDONESIA

tongkon

(to sit) IN INDONESIA

•Tongkonan - the traditional Torajan ancestral houses.

On wooden high piles topped with a layered split-bamboo roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc, and they are incised with red, black, and yellow

•Tongkonan

- the traditional Torajan ancestral houses.

INDONESIA

Pagaruyung Palace (Istano Basa Pagaruyuang)

is the istana (royal palace) of the former Pagaruyung Kingdom, located in Tanjung Emas subdistrict near Batusangkar town, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

•It was built in the traditional Minangkabau Rumah Gadang vernacular architectural style, but had several typical elements including three stories structure and larger dimension compares to common rumah gadang.

Javanese house

•The architecture of a BLANK is characterized by its dominant hierarchical rule reflected in the form of its roof and the organization of its layout

social and economic status

IN Javanese traditional houses the shape of the roof determined the BLANK of the house owners.

south, north-sout

As most houses of Indonesia, symbolism of cardinal point is important: in Central Java houses face BLANK towards the sea wherever possible, and they are laid out on a BLANK axis.

the omah (house), a pendopo (pavilion) and a peringgitan,

The ideal Javanese residence consists of three main structures, enclosed by a brick wall or low fence.

•Gateway

IN JAVANESE THESE creates connection between the house compound and the outside

-Kampung Roof

JAVANESE HEIRARCHY OF ROOF FORMS

- house of the common people

-Limasan Roof

JAVANESE HEIRARCHY OF ROOF FORMS

- high status Javanese families

Joglo Roof

JAVANESE HEIRARCHY OF ROOF FORMS

- for nobility

- Tajug/Meru Roof

JAVANESE HEIRARCHY OF ROOF FORMS

– for sared structures/spaces

•Lumbung

is the traditional Bali style house, two stories on stilts.

-Family Temple

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- called Sanggah or Merajan, the place to worship the ancestor and the Hyang Guru.

-Sleeping Pavilion

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

-usually a large 8-post structure on a high base. A terrace usually attached for receiving guests at family ceremony.

-West Pavilion (Bale dauh)

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- is the workhouse of the compound. Serving the variety of purposes, from gathering place to sleeping quarters

-Ceremonial Pavilion (east pavilion, or bale dangin)

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- is the ceremonial pavilion and the place is where the life rites and death rituals occur

. -Sakenam

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- guest pavilion for relatives and children varies in size and number according to the needs.

-Granary (lumbung or jineng)

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- is the storage area for rice.

. -Protective Wall (aling-aling)

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

– mostly behind the gates to deflect the malign influences. The gate is called angkulangkul.

-Kitchen (paon)

PART OF A LUMBUNG (BALI TRADITIONAL STYLE HOUSE)

- is in the south because of the association with Brahma (the god of fire) whose place in the south

Candi Prambanan/Candi Rara Jonggrang

9th-century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Destroyer (Shiva) - The temple compound is located approximately 17 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of the city of Yogyakarta on the boundary between Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces.

Borobudur

-9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

- The monument consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome.

- The temple is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues.

- The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa.

-It is the world’s largest Buddhist temple, as well as one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world