Antisocial Personality Disorders (copy)

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A condition characterized by persistent disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Diagnostic criteria for APD

Must be at least 18 years old, must have had symptoms of conduct disorder before age 15, and the behaviors must be persistent and disabling or distressing.

Increased risk factors for premature death in APD

Suicide, accidents, and homicide.

Common consequences of APD

Prolonged unemployment, interrupted education, broken marriages, irresponsible parenting, homelessness, and frequent incarceration.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by a lack of one's own identity, rapid mood changes, intense unstable relationships, impulsivity, and instability in self-image.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Marked distrust of others, including unfounded beliefs of exploitation or harm by others, lack of trust, belief in hidden meanings, and grudge-holding.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Exaggerated and inappropriate displays of emotions, theatrical behavior, and sudden shifts in emotional expressions.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Behavior or fantasy of grandiosity, lack of empathy, a need for admiration, inability to see others' viewpoints, and hypersensitivity to others' opinions.

Neuroses

Mental disorders characterized by high levels of anxiety or tension in managing daily life, such as panic attacks and phobias.

Psychoses

Mental disorders where the patient has lost touch with reality, experiencing delusions or hallucinations, such as paranoia and schizophrenia.

Behaviour Modification

Methods used to change or modify human behavior, such as negative reinforcement (punishment or removing privileges) and positive reinforcement (rewards for good behavior).

Cognitive Consistency

The desire to avoid conflicting attitudes within oneself.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

When there is inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors, something must change to eliminate the disharmony.

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (G.A.D)

Restlessness, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep difficulties, gastrointestinal discomfort, and sweating.

Symptoms of Stress

Physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, muscle aches), cognitive symptoms (e.g., impaired concentration, chronic worrying), emotional symptoms (e.g., feelings of sadness, irritability), and behavioral symptoms (e.g., reduced desire for activities, trouble coping with life's issues).

Social Anxiety Disorder

Significant anxiety, self-consciousness, and embarrassment in everyday interactions due to fear of being judged negatively by others.

Coping with Anxiety

Consistency with medication and therapy, facing feared situations, learning calming skills, avoiding alcohol and drugs, maintaining good sleep and diet, and seeking support groups.