Philosophy: An Embodied Spirit Coexisting with the Environment

Jose Rizal and Immanuel Kant

Believed that human being is endowed with reason, and he is self autonomous with self regulating will

Jasper

According to him, Human being is more than he/she knows about himself/herself (Perennial Scope of Philosophy)

Human individuals according to Immanuel Kant

They determine themselves through their interaction with their environment.

Karl Jaspers

He believes that human, the being of human is lost in a context of total determination.

Limit situation

It is any of certain situations in which a human being is said to have differing experiences from those arising from ordinary situations

Grenzsituation

German for limit situation

Boundary situations

They are inescapable and inevitable breaks of ordinary patterns of human existence, such as death, suffering, conflict, tragedy, sickness, failure, communication, struggles, and guilt. They break the conventional pattern or ordinaryness of life.

Duality of Body and soul

Our body is separate and distinct from the soul

Lorenz

According to him, We have soul or spirit.

Dualism

A philosophical theory based on the idea of opposing concepts, human beings are made up of two independent constituents, the body and the mind or soul

Plato

Human soul exists prior to the body and even if after the body is gone

Thomas Aquinas

Body and soul are not two separate entities that interact with each other but are one being made up of matter and form

Aristotle

Man is the whole of his body and soul. They are one like the oneness of the ugly and his figure.

Rene Descartes

Also recognized dualism, he exists because doubt requires a doubter, Him - doubting is a proof that he is existing. He that exists is clearly a thing that thinks

Body

Soma - The outermost man

Soul

Psyche - The outer man

Spirit

Pneuma - The Inner man

John Locke

Advanced the theory of tabula rasa (blank slate or page)

Human Consciousness and Existence

As a thinking being ourselves consists of thoughts and sensation (physical feeling) of which we are conscious (awareness)

Immanuel Kant

The self is a rational agent who can know their own thoughts and attitudes, and be responsible for them.

The faculty of reason

Human beings have a mental faculty or capacity that enables them to think, reason, understand, compare, analyze, and associate ideas