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3 things an argumentative essar requires
agree, disagree, qualify
"work the prompt"
plan out your argument and figure out what you're going to talk about
argumentum
evidence, ground, support, proof
4 characteristics of a good thesis
robust, finessed, nuanced, directive
when do deductive arguments work best?
when the issue at hand seems to be related to some general principle that you think most of your audience would agree with
3 steps of the deductive argument
general premise, specific example, conclusion
when do inductive arguments work best?
when you have access to lots of particular,specific pieces of evidence that you believe demonstrate a general point
5 steps of the inductive argument
4 specific examples and conclusion
when is the toulmin argument effective?
when you want to reason very carefully and specifically with your audience
6 steps of the toulmin argument
1. claim
2. ground, reasons, and/or evidence
3.warrant
4.backing
5.rebuttal
6.qualifer
when can the rogerian argument be effective?
when you want to establish close, friendly contact with your readers from the outset
7 elements of the rogerian argument
1. know your audience
2.establish common ground
3.introduce the premises that underlie your positions
4.explain shared premises
5.introduce and develop your position
6.consider possible objections
7.find places of agreement,compromise,contingency
a writer chooses an argumentative path based on what 5 considerations?
1.the strength of your opinion about the topic
2.the knowledge,background, and attitude of your audience
3.the amount or kind of data or reasons you have developed for your position
4.the amount of space you have to devote to your discussion
5.the persona you want to develop for persuasive effect
identify the 3 arrangements for the argumentative essay
1. five paragraph theme
2.six part oration model
3.rogerian argument
identify the 6 parts of the six-part oration model
1. exordium (introduction)
2.narration (background)
3.partition (forecast and thesis)
4.confirmation (development of points)
5.refutation (consideration of opposing positions)
6.peroration (conclusion)
identify the parts of the rogerian argument
1. introduction
2.benefit of discussing topic
3.thesis and objections
4. development of your argument
5.common ground
6.conclusion
how do you generate good supporting material for your arguments, specific appropriate details, reasons and explanations?
1. you need to be an avid, curious, active reader
2.you need to watch high-quality current affairs programs on television
3.you need to have conversations with your fellow students and with others who will listen to your ideas and respond to them and to whom you should listen and respond with equal attentiveness