Mobile Radiography (3/20/2024)

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MAKE SURE TO KNOW ABOUT THE GENERATOR PHASES AND RIPPLE EFFECTS

22 Terms

1

What are the 2 types of mobile units?

fluoroscopic c-arm unit and radiographic unit

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2

Mobile units are classified by ___

generator type

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3

What are the generator types for mobile units?

  • direct power (wall outlet)

  • battery driven/operated

  • capacitor discharge

  • high frequency

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4

Define generator

device used to convert mechanical energy to electricity

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5

Define rectifier

system of electrified gates to force current to flow in one direction

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6

Explain the capacitor discharge unit

  • light weight and maneuverable

  • not battery operated (must be plugged in to use)

  • capacitor stores charge

  • charge is released before each exposure

  • kV drops during exposure

    • 1 kV per mAs

    • up to 30% drop

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7

Explain radiation leakage for capacitor discharge units

  • residual x-rays may be present after exposure is terminated

  • shock hazard - kV may not return to 0 immediately

  • minimize leakage by:

    • grid biased/controlled tube

      • metal wire mesh acts like a focusing cup

      • negative charge runs to grid to stop exposure

    • tube collimation

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8

Explain battery operated units

  • energized by powerful storage batteries

  • sealed, lead acid, batteries

    • won’t leak if punctured

  • 10-16 12 volt packs connected in a series

    • some are used to create x-rays

    • some are used to drive the unit

  • similar current to high frequency generator

  • efficient energy with nearly constant potential

    • can use lower kVp

  • ~0.75mm focal spot (cannot change size in mobile units)

  • thermal capacity of 275,000 HU

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9

Explain the battery of battery operated units

  • power drive

    • “dead man” switch

  • can drive up to 10 miles when fully charged

  • light goes on when charge is needed

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10

Explain digital mobile units

  • battery operated

  • exams selected directly from worklist

  • fast image viewing

  • no wait time between exposures

  • storage of 3,000+ exposures

  • no cassette processing

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11

Explain flat panel detectors

  • (the mobile unit IR)

  • tethered or wireless

  • 7-10 lbs

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12

Explain the speed and accuracy of digital mobile units

  • QA image before removing IR

    • can remain at bedside until exam is “truly done”

  • post processing

    • annotation, window level, etc.

  • send to PACS immediately

    • faster result times

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13

Explain pediatric mobile radiography

  • turn a possible fearful experience into a FUN experience

  • pediatric patients may remain more relaxed during exam

  • obtain a quality image

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14

Explain the c-arm mobile unit

  • fluoro unit

  • x-ray tube and ii suspended on c-arm

  • maneuverable/flexible

  • utilized in many departments

  • 2 monitors: live imaging and saved images

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15

Explain mobile unit technical factor selection

  • most have single mAs control (ma and s not selected separately)

  • high, fixed mA

    • short exposure times

    • reduced amount of mAs needed

  • wider exposure latitude (more forgiveness)

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16

Explain mobile unit AEC

  • can have a paddle ionization chamber

  • positioning challenges

  • most techs prefer to set manual technique

  • must place paddle under the anatomy of interest but BEHIND the IR

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17

Explain grid selection for mobile units

  • low grid ratio = wide positioning latitude (6:1 or 8:1)

  • high frequency, short dimension, wide focal range (SID)

  • off centering to a focused grid by as little as 5o can cause cut-off

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18

Explain distance challenges with mobile units

  • estimating distance is a bad idea

  • estimates must be within 15% to avoid significant exposure differences

  • measure whenever possible!

  • from 40” to 56” you need to double mAs

  • from 56” to 72” you need to double mAs

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19

When are air/fluid level best visualized?

patient 90o upright and horizontal beam (when not possible, semi-erect may be enough)

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20

Explain radiation safety with mobile units

  • YOU are responsible for protecting the patient, visitors, staff, and yourself

  • time

    • high mA, short s

    • don’t hold patients

  • distance

    • exposure cord minimum of 6 feet

    • ask visitors and staff to leave room

  • shielding

    • min of .5 mm lead

    • collimate

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21

Explain radiation exposure with a c-arm

  • primary source of tech exposure = scatter from patient

  • vertical position (tube below patient) has less dose to neck and face

  • 30o tilt increases dose by a factor of 4

  • tech should stand minimum of 6 feet from tube

  • minimum source to skin distance of 12”

  • exposure rate should not exceed 10 R/min at tabletop

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22

What should you do (in terms of compassionate care) when going into a patient room for a portable exam?

  • knock and enter

  • introduce yourself

  • explain what you are doing (communicate)

  • return the room to the way it was

  • give patient call light

  • ask if they need anything else before you leave

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