Baylor Impression Evidence Final

The function of skin is to:

Assist in the ability to grasp objects

Protect the body from the environment and against fluid loss

Aid thermo-regulation of body temperature

Filter for oxygen, nutrients, and waster products

(All of the above)

One of the scientific principles of fingerprints is that the ridge arrangement on every finger of every person is different. This statement is:

True

Studies done by many examiners have shown that the fingerprints of identical twins are different, as are the prints of triplets, quadruplets, and quintuplets. In the sense, fingerprint identification has been found to be even more discriminating than the vaunted DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) "fingerprinting" method, which cannot distinguish, by today's technology, between the DNA of identical twins. This statement is:

True

When a fingerprint is permanently scarred, there is little sufficient detail around the scar to allow positive identification. This statement is:

False

The Epidermis (outer) layer of skin where friction ridges are readily observed is composed of _______ layers?

Five

It takes ______ days for cells to reach the surface of the skin structure?

30

Volar pads develop during the _______ week of gestation?

6th

During the _______ week of gestation the fingers separate, the thumb rotates into position, and creases start to appear?

10th

_________ alters the growth of friction ridge skin in the volar pads and therefore alters the pattern?

Tension and pressure

__________ is a type of fingerprint reproduction of the ridges of the fingers in sweat or oily matter on an object which it has touched?

Latent print

Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

Identical twins have the same fingerprint pattern and DNA

The statement "Ridge arrangement on every finger of every person is different" refers to:

Uniqueness

Which one of the following statements IS TRUE about Flexion Creases?

They are attached to underlying structures.

They are formed at the same time as ridges.

They can aid in the identification process.

(All of the above are true)

The key elements of permanence of fingerprints are _______?

The adherence of epidermal cells to each other.

The attachment of epidermis to the basement membrane zone.

The attachment of basement membrane zone to the dermis.

(All the above are elements)

The basic premise of the fingerprint development is ___________?

They develop on the fetus before birth.

They are persistent throughout life.

They are unique and are never duplicated.

(All the above are basic premises of fingerprint development)

Creases on the fingers, hands, and soles of the feet are of little use to the identification process. This statement is:

False

For two prints to be identical they must have the same ridge characteristics, referred to as ________, at the same relative location?

Minutiae

All of the following statements are true, except:

Fingerprint ridge detail can be permanently obscured by cutting away the pads on the fingers and toes

All of the following are types of fingerprint patterns, except:

Bifurcation

The word _______ means hidden and is applied to these impressions because they are often difficult to see and usually require the application of powders or chemicals in order to make them readily visible for preservation as evidence?

Latent print

Up to ______ individual ridge characteristics are commonly found on the average fingerprint, of which 8-16 can make an individual identification?

150

Of the three different types of fingerprint patterns, which is most commonly found on up to 60%-65% of the population?

Loop

________ is the most commonly used method for enhancement of latent fingerprints?

Powders

Which of the following type of print means "visible to the naked eye?"

Patent

Foot, and footwear impressions, were man's first recognized "evidence" of a person or animal's passage.

True

Which of the following is INCORRECT when considering footwear impression evidence?

Courts have extensive knowledge about footwear impression evidence.

Regarding footwear and tire track impression evidence, transfers such as accumulated dust, residues, and blood on a firm substrate are termed?

Two dimensional transfers

Regarding footwear and tire track impression evidence, transfers such as accumulated soil, mud, sand, and snow on a soft substrate are termed?

Three dimensional transfers

Factors affecting the detail of footwear and tire track evidence consist of the following?

Shoe sole or tire tread condition.

Moisture.

Degradation of impression before recovery.

Contaminants.

(All of the above)

Which of the following is INCORRECT when considering footwear impression evidence?

Footwear impressions conclusively place an individual as a crime scene.

Which of the following is NOT a recognized method for detecting and visualizing footwear impression evidence?

Superglue

It is not necessary to have the actual shoes for proper examination as long as there is an existing photograph or a test impression?

False

A successful footwear examination depends on which of the following?

Amount of detail retained in impression.

Expertise/methodology of examiner.

Amount of detail recovered from crime scene

(All of the above)

In SWGTREAD terminology (Scientific Working Group for Footwear and Tire Tread Evidence), ___________ is the highest degree of association expressed in footwear and tire impression examinations?

Identification

Which of the following is a raised bar under the tire design that indicates tire usage?

Wear indicators

Which of the following is a measurement from the center of a tire tread on one side of a vehicle to the center of a tire tread on the opposition side of a vehicle?

Track width

Which of the following is a measurement from the front center of a wheel on the front of a vehicle to the center of a wheel on back of the vehicle on the same side?

Wheelbase

What is the name of a circle made when the wheels are fully turned and complete a full round?

Turning diameter

Since tire tracks are variable in length and width, an existing examination quality photograph of the tread pattern with overlapping photographs is acceptable for recovery of tire track evidence.

True

Track width of the front tire and rear tires are always the same.

False

When making 3-D casting of tire tracks with dental stone it is best to use the longest sections possible, generally around 3 feet, to insure getting the best possibilities for individual evidence.

True

Footwear impression evidence is frequently undervalued by investigators, attorneys and the courts.

True

The following is INCORRECT regarding the value of footwear impressions.

May provide information about number of suspects.

There are many ways to lift footwear impressions from two and three dimensional surfaces. Which of the following is NOT a recognized method?

Gel lifts.

Electrostatic lifts.

Mikrosil.

Dental Stone.

(All of the above)

Which of the following factors affect details that can be recovered in shoe and tire evidence?

Sole or tire tread condition.

Contaminants and moisture.

Receiving surface type and condition.

Movement and distortion.

Degradation of impression before recovery.

(All the above)

A ______________ is the result of a harder object being forced against a softer object?

tool mark impression

Patterns of _________ produced by the edges of a tool can be traced back to microscopic irregularities in the sharp edges, or surfaces intended for cutting?

striation

Tool marks are always compared with the original tool only, and not another test impression used to make the suspect mark.

False

It is appropriate to test fit the suspect tool into the tool mark to make sure it is at least somewhat similar for comparison.

False

Who wore Bruno Magli shoes at the scene of a notorious and widely publicized crime?

OJ Simpson