module 8

Wainwright Building

Using a steel framework with masonry sheathing, the ________, designed by Louis Sullivan, is thought by many to be the first genuinely modern building.

weight and tensile strength

Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are:

load-bearing construction

Stacking and piling is another term for ____________________ construction.

Greek orders

The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the

Buddhist Pure Land (Jodo)

The Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto, Japan, is an elegant example of________________________ architecture.

tensile strength

The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called:

Pont du Gard at N"mes

Built almost 2000 years ago, the ________ is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch.

Eiffel Tower

Built for the World’s Fair in 1889, the ________ was an early experiment in iron construction.

R. Buckminster Fuller

___________________ is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome.

d.

The International style emphasizes
a. clean lines.
b. geometric form.
c. avoidance of superficial decoration.
d. all of these: clean lines, geometric form, and avoidance of superficial decoration.
e. None of these answers is correct.

d.

The following is NOT true about art museum architecture.
a. John Russell Pope’s neoclassical National Gallery harmonizes with the other buildings on the Washington, D.C. mall.
b. Zaha Hadid’s Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art has two highly contrasting façades.
c. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is clad in titanium.
d. John Russell Pope’s National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style.
e. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao design required an aerospace-design computer program.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the “organic” architecture of __________________________.

cantilever

A ________ is a horizontal form supported at only one end.

an arch

________ rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome.

hypostyle hall

When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting “virtual forest of columns” is called a ____________________ _____.

the shell and the skeleton-and-skin.

The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are:

barrel vault

According to the author, a _____________________ is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are “many arches placed flush one behind the other.”

e.

Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with
a. piers.
b. Corinthian columns.
c. flying buttresses.
d. groin vaults.
e. both piers and flying buttresses.

Gothic Cathedral

A flying buttress is an arched exterior support system found on a _________________ _______________.

As a tomb for his wife

The Taj Mahal was built by the 17th-century Moslem emperor for what purpose?

oculus

The round opening in the dome of the Pantheon is called a(n) ______________________.

Joseph Paxton

The skeleton-and-skin structure, the Crystal Palace, was designed by ____________ in 1851