Clinical Procedures and Patient Care Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions related to clinical procedures and patient care, helping to prepare for the upcoming exam.

EHR

Electronic Health Record, which includes patient history, assessments, and treatment plans.

Triage

The process of determining the priority of patients' treatments based on the severity of their condition.

SOAP

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan; a method for documenting patient encounters.

BP

Blood Pressure; the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.

CPR

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; an emergency procedure to restore breathing and blood circulation.

EKG

Electrocardiogram; a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

V1

The first lead placement position on an EKG, located at the 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum.

V2

The second lead placement position on an EKG, located at the 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum.

V3

The third lead placement position on an EKG, located midway between V2 and V4.

V4

The fourth lead placement position on an EKG, located at the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line.

V5

The fifth lead placement position on an EKG, located at the same horizontal level as V4, in the anterior axillary line.

V6

The sixth lead placement position on an EKG, located at the same horizontal level as V4 and V5, in the midaxillary line.

Atrial Fibrillation

An irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow.

Normal Sinus Rhythm

The normal heartbeat, originating from the sinus node in a regular pattern.

Ventilation

The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Phlebotomy

The practice of drawing blood from a patient for clinical or medical testing.

Order of Draw

The specific sequence in which blood collection tubes should be filled to avoid contamination.

Blood Culture Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes with a yellow-top or blood culture bottles, collected first in the order of draw to prevent contamination of samples for microbial growth studies.

Light Blue Top Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes containing sodium citrate, collected after blood cultures for coagulation tests like PT/INR, to maintain the correct blood-to-anticoagulant ratio.

Red Top Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes with no additive or a clot activator, collected for serum chemistry or blood banking tests.

Green Top Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes containing heparin (sodium, lithium, or ammonium), primarily used for plasma chemistry tests.

Lavender Top Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes containing EDTA, collected for whole blood hematology tests like CBC.

Grey Top Tube (Order of Draw)

Tubes containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate, used for glucose and lactic acid tests due to their preservative action.

IM Injection

Intramuscular Injection; delivering medication deep into the muscles.

SC Injection

Subcutaneous Injection; delivering medication into the layer of fat beneath the skin.

ID Injection

Intradermal Injection; delivering medication into the upper layer of skin.

Sublingual (SL)

A method of administering medication by placing it under the tongue, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.

hCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; a hormone often tested for in pregnancy tests.

Drug Screen

A test to detect the presence of drugs or their metabolites in the body.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Mono Test

A test used to diagnose infectious mononucleosis.

PT/INR

Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio; a test to measure blood coagulation.

Urinalysis

The physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.

EpiPen

A device used to inject a dose of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis.

Manual U/A

Manual Urinalysis; a physical and chemical examination of urine conducted without automation.

Complete Heart Block

A condition where the heart beats out of sync, leading to symptoms such as fatigue or dizziness.

Second Degree AV Block Type 1

A type of heart block where there is a progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a beat is dropped.

Second Degree AV Block Type 2

A type of heart block in which some beats are dropped without warning, usually more serious than type 1.

Bleeding Control

Methods used to stop bleeding, including applying pressure and bandaging.

Insurance Verification

The process of confirming a patient's insurance coverage before providing medical services.

Pulse Oximetry

A non-invasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation (SpO\text{2}) in the blood and their pulse rate.

Tachycardia

An abnormally rapid heart rate, typically defined as over 100 beats per minute.