Readings in Philippine History - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the key terms, theoretical lenses, historical sources, and critical evaluation tools from the 'Readings in Philippine History' module.

History

An evidence-based interpretation of the past created by historians studying, contextualizing, comparing, and analyzing surviving traces.

Dates (in Historical Study)

Elements in historical study that give sequence and help place events and sources before, during, or after a development.

Sources (in Historical Study)

Surviving traces of the past that can be used by historians as evidence.

Analysis (in Historical Study)

The historical element that explains what evidence means and how it supports a historical interpretation.

Identity (Historical Importance)

An aspect of history's importance that addresses the question: 'Who are we and where do we come from?'.

Citizenship (Historical Importance)

An aspect of history's importance that addresses the question: 'How did laws, rights, and institutions develop?'.

Critical Thinking (Historical Importance)

An aspect of history's importance that addresses the question: 'What is the evidence, and how should a claim be evaluated?'.

Empathy (Historical Importance)

An aspect of history's importance that addresses the question: 'How did people think and act within the conditions of their own time?'.

WHO? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on actors and voices to establish who participated, wrote, observed, led, or was affected, and whose voices are visible or missing.

WHAT? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on event or process to establish whether the topic is a specific happening or a long-term development.

WHEN? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on time and period to establish sequence, background, event, and consequences.

WHERE? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on place and context to establish how geography, community, and local setting shape meaning.

WHY? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on cause and significance to establish why events happened and why they mattered.

HOW? (The W's of History)

The W's of History question focusing on change and evidence to establish how events unfolded, what changed or continued, and what evidence supports the explanation.

Event

A specific historical happening with a defined time and place, such as a revolution, election, battle, or declaration.

Process

A long-term historical change that unfolds over time, such as colonization, nation-building, or migration.

Great Man / Hero-centered Theory Lens

A theory lens holding that history changes because extraordinary individuals make major decisions.

Cyclical Theory Lens

A theory lens holding that history moves in recurring patterns such as rise, growth, peak, crisis, breakdown, and renewal.

Linear / Progress Theory Lens

A theory lens holding that history moves forward through time and may be read as development or progress.

Materialist / Marxist Theory Lens

A theory lens holding that economic conditions, class, ownership of resources, labor, and conflict shape change.

Annales / Social History Theory Lens

A theory lens holding that everyday life and ordinary people are central to historical understanding.

Postcolonial / Filipino-centered Theory Lens

A theory lens examining how colonial power shaped historical narratives and seeking to center Filipino voices.

Historical Source

A trace of the past analyzed by historians as evidence, requiring examination for origin, genuineness, purpose, perspective, and credibility.

Written Sources

Historical sources such as letters, laws, and newspapers that offer recorded statements, rules, arguments, and accounts.

Visual Sources

Historical sources such as photographs, maps, and posters that offer visual or spatial evidence and representations.

Oral Sources

Historical sources such as interviews and testimonies that offer memory, experience, and spoken perspectives.

Material Sources

Historical sources such as artifacts, buildings, and clothing that offer physical clues about life, technology, culture, and environment.

Digital Sources

Historical sources such as posts, videos, and metadata whose origin and alteration history must be checked.

Primary Sources

Historical evidence from or near the event, created during the period under study or by someone directly connected to it.

Secondary Sources

Historical works that analyze and interpret primary evidence, generally created after the event.

Tertiary Sources

Reference materials such as encyclopedias, timelines, and glossaries that offer a quick overview, summary, or index.

Kartilya ng Katipunan

A Philippine historical source example providing evidence of organizational ideals and revolutionary principles.

1898 Declaration

A Philippine historical source example providing evidence of political claims and assertions of independence.

Rizal Writings

Philippine historical sources providing evidence related to nationalist thought and critique.

1987 Constitution

A Philippine historical source example providing evidence of a legal-political framework.

Provenance

The origin and preservation history of a source, tracing who created it, when and where it was made, for whom, how it was preserved, and its chain of custody.

Authenticity

The quality of a historical source being genuine or accurately reproduced rather than fake, forged, or altered.

Credibility

The measure of whether a source's claims can be trusted and relied upon for a specific historical question.

Historical Criticism

The methodology used by historians to judge the authenticity, meaning, accuracy, and reliability of historical sources.

External Criticism

A test in historical criticism focusing on authenticity and origin to evaluate if a source is real.

Internal Criticism

A test in historical criticism focusing on meaning, accuracy, reliability, and perspective to evaluate if a source's statements can be trusted.

Sourcing

A historical thinking skill guided by the question: 'Who created this and why?'.

Contextualizing

A historical thinking skill guided by the question: 'What was happening at the time?'.

Close Reading

A historical thinking skill guided by the question: 'What exactly does the source say or show?'.

Corroborating

A historical thinking skill guided by the question: 'What do other sources say?'.