ETHST 1 - Chapter 4: Native American Studies Set 1

Which groups did Native student activists coordinate with in the late 1960s to formally begin American Indian Studies (AIS)?

Asian American, Chicana/o/x, Puerto Rican, and Black students.

How did academic disciplines like sociology and anthropology view Native people before the establishment of AIS?

From an 'outsider' perspective that treated them as subjects of study and reinforced stereotypes.

What is the definition of 'Indigenous Ways of Knowing'?

Knowledge accumulated by a tribe over generations in a specific environment used to make sense of their world.

What does every Native nation have that explains the origin of people, animals, and the earth?

A creation story.

What is sovereignty in the context of Native tribes?

A tribe's supreme authority to exercise power without external interference.

What term refers to social movements and legislation allowing Native tribes to exercise self-governance?

Self-determination.

How many treaties made between the U.S. federal government and Native tribes have been broken by the federal government?

Every treaty (all of them).

What does the Bureau of Indian Affairs issue to track an individual's 'blood quantum' and tribal relationship?

Certification of Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB).

Why does the federal government use 'blood quantum' to systematically assimilate Native people?

To eliminate tribes so the government no longer has to fulfill treaty obligations.

What legal and spiritual justification for colonization was established by papal decrees starting in the 1100s?

Doctrine of Discovery.

Which 1493 papal decree justified European claims on land and waterways in the Americas?

Inter Caetera.

What federal policy began in 1953 with House Resolution No. 108 to disband tribes and sell their land?

Termination.

What was the result of the 1952 Operation Relocation policy regarding where Native people lived?

A majority of Native people moved from reservations to urban locations.

Who founded the Carlisle Indian School and proposed forced assimilation with the phrase 'kill the Indian to save the man'?

Richard Henry Pratt.

What 1978 act did Congress pass to address the high rate of Native children being separated from their families?

Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA).

Which California law requires state agencies and museums to return Native human remains and cultural items?

California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (CalNAGPRA) of 2001.

How does Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart define historical trauma?

The cumulative emotional and psychological wounding across generations.

What was the original purpose of the American Indian Movement (AIM) when founded in Minneapolis in 1968?

To stop police harassment of Indians.

What event is associated with the 1890 incident where the U.S. Army's 7th Cavalry murdered approximately 300 Native people?

Ghost Dance.

How long did members of the American Indian Movement occupy Wounded Knee in 1973?

71 days.

Murder is currently what leading cause of death among Native women?

Third leading cause of death.

In the MMIW movement, what does the symbol of a red handprint over the mouth represent?

The silence of the media and law enforcement regarding missing Indigenous women.

What is the definition of LANDBACK?

A political framework focused on reclaiming stolen Indigenous land, language, ceremony, governance, and kinship.

When land is purchased and donated to a tribe, which government official puts that land in trust?

The Secretary of the Interior.

Federally recognized Native communities include Tribes, Nations, Bands, and what other group designation?

Pueblos.