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Weather
The condition of the atmosphere of a place within a short period of time.
Climate
The typical weather in a region for a long period of time, averaged over 30 years or more.
Meteorology
The science that deals with the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena.
PAG-ASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, which observes and reports atmospheric changes.
Humidity
The amount of water vapor in the earth’s atmosphere.
Precipitation
The product of a rapid condensation process, including snow, hail, sleet, fog, mist, and rain.
Latitude
The main factor affecting global climate, determining temperature variations based on distance from the equator.
Altitude
The height of a location above sea level, which affects temperature.
Topography
The physical features of a place that influence its climate.
Natural Climate Change Factors
Includes volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, Earth’s orbital changes, and solar variation.
Greenhouse Effect
The warming of the lower atmosphere by trapping solar energy through greenhouse gases.
Global Warming
The warming of the Earth’s surface due to increased concentration of greenhouse gases.
Seawalls
Structures used to counteract waves impacting the shore.
Coastal Erosion
The wearing away of land by the sea due to waves, tides, and currents.
Aquifer
An underground layer of water-bearing rock.
Submersion
The movement of coastal sediments from the visible portion of the beach to the submerged nearshore region.
Saltwater Intrusion
The movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers, often caused by storm surges.
Mitigation
Actions taken to eliminate or reduce the long-term impact of climate change.
Corrosian
The process where little rocks are eroded and dissolved by the action of waves.
Erosion
The loss or displacement of land caused by natural forces like water, wind, or ice.
Weather Front
A boundary separating two masses of air with different densities and temperatures.
Storm Surge
An abnormal rise in sea level accompanying a hurricane or other intense storm.
Drought
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water shortages.
Tsunami
A series of ocean waves caused by any large and sudden disturbance of the sea.
Climate Change
Long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other elements of the Earth's climate system.
Carbon Footprint
The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.
Urban Heat Island Effect
The phenomenon where urban areas become significantly warmer than their surrounding rural areas.
Biomagnification
The process by which the concentration of toxins increases at each trophic level in a food chain.
Albedo Effect
The measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed.
Fossil Fuels
Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
Atmospheric Pressure
The force exerted onto a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the atmosphere.
Forecasting
The practice of predicting future weather conditions based on atmospheric data.
Air Mass
A large body of air that has uniform temperature and humidity characteristics.
Microclimate
A small area with unique weather conditions that differ from the larger surrounding area.
Jet Stream
High-speed winds in the upper atmosphere that influence weather patterns.
Thermal Inversion
A weather phenomenon where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground.
Fossil Fuels
Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
El Niño
A climate pattern characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
La Niña
A climate pattern characterized by the cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
Tropical Storm
A storm system characterized by strong winds and heavy rain, having a specific structure.
Atmospheric Circulation
The large-scale movement of air that distributes heat and moisture around the Earth.
Weather Patterns
Recurring sequences of weather conditions within a specific region over days to weeks.
Climate Zones
Regions of the Earth classified by similar weather patterns and conditions over time.
Thermal Energy
The total energy of all the particles in a substance, influencing temperature and weather.
Barometric Pressure
Pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere, measured by a barometer.
Cyclone
A system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, often bringing storms.
Anticyclone
A weather system with high atmospheric pressure, usually associated with calm and clear weather.
Rain Shadow Effect
A dry region on the leeward side of a mountain, caused by moist air rising and cooling.
Stratosphere
The second layer of Earth's atmosphere, where the ozone layer is located and temperature increases with altitude.
Troposphere
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs and temperature decreases with altitude.
Atmospheric Conditions
The state of the atmosphere at a given time, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure.
Weather Radar
A technology used to detect and monitor precipitation and storms by sending out radio waves.
Tropical Cyclone
A type of storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, organized thunderstorms, and strong winds, typically forming over warm ocean waters.
Continental Climate
A climate type characterized by significant temperature variations between seasons, usually found in interior regions of continents.
Marine Climate
A climate type characterized by mild temperatures and high humidity, usually found in coastal regions.
Weather Advisory
A notification issued by meteorological services alerting the public to potential weather hazards.
Heatwave
A prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Cold Front
A boundary that forms when a cooler air mass pushes into a warmer air mass, often leading to precipitation.
Warm Front
A boundary that forms when a warmer air mass rises over a cooler air mass, typically bringing light rain and warmer temperatures.
Microclimate Effects
Localized climate variations caused by specific features in the landscape, such as buildings, vegetation, or bodies of water.
Atmospheric Rivers
Narrow corridors of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere, often leading to heavy rainfall when they make landfall.
Heat Index
A measure that combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine the apparent temperature felt by humans.
Weather Balloon
A type of high-altitude balloon used to carry instruments aloft for the purpose of weather observation.
Frontogenesis
The process by which a weather front is formed, typically due to temperature differentials.
Cyclogenesis
The process of developing a cyclone, often linked to the interplay of atmospheric conditions.
Omega Block
A weather pattern in which a high-pressure system persists over a region, leading to stable and dry weather.
Funnel Cloud
A rotating, funnel-shaped cloud extending from the base of a thunderstorm, which may develop into a tornado.
Radiational Cooling
Cooling of the Earth's surface at night due to the emission of infrared radiation, often leading to temperature drops.
Cloud Seeding
A weather modification technique that involves dispersing substances into the atmosphere to encourage precipitation.
Severe Weather Warning
A notification issued when severe weather conditions are imminent or already occurring, posing a risk to health and safety.
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