Working Scientifically

What is a Hypothesis?

A possible explanation for an observation.

What is Peer Review?

When other scientists check results and explanations before they’re published.

What are Representation Models?

A simplified picture or description of the real system e.g. the molecular model of matter.

What is a Hazard?

Something that could potentially cause harm.

What is a Risk?

The chance that a hazard will cause harm.

What is an Independent Variable?

Variable that you change.

What is a Dependent Variable?

Variable that is measured.

What is a Control Variable?

Variable that is kept the same.

What is a Control Experiment?

Experiment kept under the same conditions as the rest of the investigation without any altering.

What is a Fair Test?

Experiment where only the independent variable changes, whilst the other variables are kept the same.

What is a Random Error?

Unpredictable differences caused by things such as human errors in measuring.

What is a Systematic Error?

Measurements that are wrong by the same amount each time.

What is a Zero Error?

Systematic errors that are caused by using equipment that isn’t zeroed properly e.g. top pan balance.

What are Anomalous Results?

Results that don’t fit with the rest of the data.

How do you calculate Uncertainty?

Range ÷ 2

What is the Range?

Largest value minus smallest value.

How do you calculate the gradient of a graph?

Change in y ÷ Change in x