Attributions

Casual attributions

the process of identifying the cause of an event or behavior, attributing it to either internal (dispositional) or external (situational) factors

situational attributions

Factors External to the person

Dispositional attributions

Factors Internal to the person

Fundamental Attribution Error

The assumption that people are in control of their own behaviors

Quizmaster study

a classic social psychology experiment by Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz, in 1977 demonstrating the "fundamental attribution error," where people tend to attribute others' actions to internal traits rather than situational factors.

Just World Hypothesis

The belief people get the outcome they deserve.

Implicit Theories of Personality

cognitive structures people use to make assumptions about others, inferring traits based on limited information, and are influenced by individual experiences and biases

Out-Group Homogeneity Effect

A social psychological phenomenon where individuals perceive members of an outgroup) as more similar to each other than members of their own ingroup.

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

a psychological test that measures the strength of unconscious associations between concepts, like groups or attributes, and attributes, like good or bad, by measuring how quickly people categorize words or images.

Actor Observer Bias

a cognitive bias where people explain their own actions by attributing them to external factors, while attributing others' actions to internal factors or personality traits.