Ch 22 questions

Lymph nodes do all of the following except

A) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

B) accumulate cancer cells.

C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.

D) produce antibodies through B cells.

E) monitor the contents of lymph.

remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

IgM

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are

A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

IgG

The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are

A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

IgG

Mary is having an allergic reaction in which her mast cells and basophils are sensitized and active. Which immunoglobulin is responsible for this reaction?

A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgE
E. IgM

IgE

During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher?

A) IgM; IgG
B) IgG; IgM
C) IgD; IgE
D) IgE; IgA
E) IgA; IgG

IgM; IgG

The medullary cords of a lymph node contain ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells.

A) medullary

B) NK

C) cordal

D) B

E) cytotoxic

B

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.

A) suppressor T

B) B

C) helper T

D) NK

E) cytotoxic

B

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

A) body hair.

B) epithelium.

C) complement.

D) basement membranes.

E) secretions

complement

A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably

A) lymph. B) interstitial. C) tears. D) blood. E) serum.

tears

An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphatic nodules in the pharynx is called

A) lymphosis.

B) indigestion.

C) laryngitis.

D) tonsillitis.

E) lymph edema.

tonsillitis

Lymphocytes provide an adaptive or specific defense known as the

A) inflammation of tissues.

B) immune response.

C) lymphocytic response.

D) adaptive defense.

E) phagocytic respons

immune response

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

A) contact with viruses and bacteria.

B) early immunizations during routine neo-natal check-ups.

C) antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

D) breast milk.

E) contact with siblings.

antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

During a primary immune response, the

A) only the IgM titer is affected.

B) IgG titer is initially higher than the IgM titer.

C) IgM titer and the IgG titer rise in parallel.

D) IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer

IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

A) lymph nodes

B) spleen

C) tonsils

D) thymus

E) All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called

A) diapedesis.

B) infection.

C) cytotoxicity

D) polarity.

E) chemotaxis.

chemotaxis.

The body's innate defenses include all of the following except

A) complement.

B) the skin.

C) inflammation.

D) antibodies.

E) interferon

antibodies

________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.

A) Primary B) Secondary C) Transponder D) Memory E) Responder

Memory

Autoantibodies are

A) the first step in immunological competence.

B) produced by activated T cells.

C) produced during an allergic reaction.

D) important in tissue rejection reactions.

E) directed against the body's own antigens

directed against the body's own antigens

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

A) are smaller in diameter.

B) have no basement membrane.

C) have only a tunica interna.

D) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles.

E) are frequently irregular in shape

are smaller in diameter.

The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is calle

A) diapedesis.

B) chemotaxis.

C) adherens.

D) diffusion.

E) transcytosis

diapedesis.

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body except the

A) throat.

B) groin.

C) CNS.

D) periphery.

E) renal arterie

CNS

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

A) naturally acquired active

B) passively acquired

C) natural passive

D) innate

E) automatically acquired

naturally acquired active

________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.

A) Versatility B) Memory C) Adaptation D) Tolerance E) Immunity

Tolerance

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of

A) active immunization. B) alloimmunity. C) innate immunity. D) natural immunity. E)passive immunization

passive immunization

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

A) kidneys. B) liver. C) thymus. D) spleen. E) red bone marrow

red bone marrow

The ________ lymphatics leave the lymph node at the hilum.

A) descending B) ascending C) afferent D) lateral E) efferent

efferent

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

A) sebaceous glands.

B) mucus.

C) epithelia.

D) epidermal layers.

E) All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

Lymphocytes

A) respond to antigens.

B) are actively phagocytic.

C) are primarily found in red bone marrow.

D) decrease in number during infection.

E) destroy red blood cells.

respond to antigens.

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

A) thyroid-drawn; bowel-developed

B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

C) non-thymus-dependent; bottom-located

D) trabeculae-descended; bursa-origin

E) top-located; bottom-locate

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

Innate defenses include

A) physical barriers.

B) inflammation.

C) phagocytic cells.

D) interferons.

E) All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

The lymphatic system does all of the following except

A) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

B) transports lipids from the digestive tract.

C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.

D) helps maintain normal blood volume.

E) fights infection.

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

A) fibrous connective tissue. B) trabeculae. C) lymphocytes. D) veins. E) arteries

lymphocytes

Inflammation produces localized
A) swelling.
B) redness.
C) heat.
D) pain.
E) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their
A) asymmetry.
B) antigen specificity.
C) light-chain variable segments.
D) heavy-chain constant segments.
E) reactivity.

heavy-chain constant segments.

Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?

complement proteins

T lymphocytes

interferons

phagocytes

interferons

Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?

appendix and spleen

lymph nodes and tonsils

bone marrow and thymus

spleen and thymus

bone marrow and thymus

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

germinal centers of the lymph nodes

Hassall’s corpuscles of the thymus

white pulp of the spleen

red pulp of the spleen

white pulp of the spleen

Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

medullary cords in the medulla

germinal centers of the cortex

deep in the cortex

lymphoid follicles of the outer cortex

deep in the cortex

What is the type of immunity one acquires through contracting a disease such as chicken pox from another infected person?

naturally acquired active immunity

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

defending the body against both external and internal threats.

the production and distribution of plasma proteins.

the production and maturation of leukocytes.

circulation of nutrients and dissolved gases.

the transport of hormones.

defending the body against both external and internal threats.

The lymphatic system does all of the following except

helps maintain normal blood volume.

transports lipids from the digestive tract.

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

fights infection.

eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it

produces T cells.

lies in the anterior mediastinum.

reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life.

activates B cells.

involutes after puberty.

activates B cells.

Which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

Natural Killer cells

neutrophils

T lymphocytes

macrophages

B lymphocytes

macrophages

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

red blood cells.

T cells.

NK cells.

B lymphocytes.

neutrophils.

T cells.

Which of the following is not a secondary lymphoid tissue or organ?

tonsils

spleen

lymph nodes

MALT

thymus

thymus

The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is

adenoids.

lymph nodes.

tonsils.

appendix.

thymus.

lymph nodes.

The blood-thymus barrier is made up of

macrophages.

mature T cells.

immature T cells.

plasma cells.

epithelial reticular cells.

epithelial reticular cells.

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

B

helper T

suppressor T

cytotoxic T

plasma

cytotoxic T

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except

chemotaxis of phagocytes.

swelling of the inflamed tissue.

redness of the inflamed tissue.

heat of the inflamed tissue.

movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space.

chemotaxis of phagocytes.

Leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

the lymph nodes have increased their secretion of thymosin.

the lymph nodes are actively producing phagocytes.

the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.

lymph is not flowing consistently through these lymph nodes.

the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John

has a sore throat.

is running a fever.

has swollen lymph nodes.

is feeling achy.

is producing T lymphocytes.

is running a fever.

Free phagocytes found in the air sacs of the lungs are called

pleurocytes.

histiocytes.

alveolar macrophages.

Kupffer cells.

microglia.

alveolar macrophages.

Which of the following is not a property of an IgG heavy chain?

binds one light chain

binds complement in the constant region

has one variable segment

has one constant segment

binds antigen at both ends

binds antigen at both ends

Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

1

4

2

up to 8

as many as a 1000

2

In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person

is relying on passive immunity.

has just recovered from mumps.

is immune to mumps.

was recently infected with mumps.

is allergic to mumps.

was recently infected with mumps.

Stress suppresses the immune response through the action of __________.

interferons

glucocorticoids

colony-stimulating factors

tumor necrosis factors

glucocorticoids

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucocorticoid secretion on the effectiveness of the immune response?

increased interferon activity

reduced abundance and activity of phagocytes in peripheral tissues

depressed inflammation response

inhibition of interleukin secretion

increased interferon activity

Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer that is caused by the human herpesvirus-8. Which of the following would be the best treatment option for this type of cancer?

interferons

interleukins

colony-stimulating factors

transforming growth factor beta

interferons

An example of an immunodeficiency disease is __________.

type 1 diabetes

AIDS

thyroiditis

rheumatoid arthritis

AIDS

Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?

NK

helper T

cytotoxic T

suppressor T

helper T

An accumulation of lymph in a region where lymphatic drainage has been blocked is called

A) lymphopenia.
B) lymphadenopathy.
C) lymphoma.
D) lymphedema.
E) lymphosis.

lymphedema.

Place the following steps of NK cell killing in order.

1. Secretion of perforin
2. Realignment of Golgi apparatus
3. Lysis of abnormal cell
4. Recognition and adhesion

4, 2, 1, 3

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. What is the correct sequence for these steps?
1. Several cycles of mitosis occur.
2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.
4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.
5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells.
6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.

2,4,1,5,3,6

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. What is the correct sequence for these steps?

1. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
2. T cell activation and cell division occur, producing cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells.
3. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.
4. Inactive T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen

1, 4, 2, 3

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except

A) versatility.
B) tolerance.
C) memory.
D) specificity.
E) present at birth.

present at birth.

What type of immunity develops after receiving a vaccine?

artificially acquired active immunity

Suppressor T cells act to

inhibit T and B cell activities

Class I MHC proteins

For T cells

Cass II MHC proteins

For B cells

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) NK

cytotoxic T

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) NK

helper T

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

A) antigens.
B) antibodies.
C) helper T cells.
D) macrophages.
E) plasma cells.

helper T cells.

CD8 markers are to ________ T cells as CD4 markers are to ________ T cells.

cytotoxic, helper

An abnormal cell would be identified by the immune system because it showed

Class I MHC proteins with an antigen bound.

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only when

an antigen-presenting cell has engulfed and is processing an antigen

A T cell can only become activated after being physically or chemically stimulated by the abnormal target cell in a process called

costimulation

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

class II MHC proteins

Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

CD8

Interferon alpha (α)

Stimulates NK cells

Interferon beta (β)

Secreted by fibroblasts

Slows inflammation

Interferon gamma (γ)

Secreted by T cells and NK cells

Stimulates macrophage activity

Cytokines

Chemical messengers released by tissue cells

Hapten (partial antigens)

attached to carrier molecule, enough to make immunity

Immediate hypersensitivity (type I)

Most commonly recognized type of allergy

Sensitization leads to production of large quantities of IgE

What types of cells are found in the white pulp of the spleen and in the red pulp of the spleen?

A) lymphocytes; epithelial reticular cells
B) lymphocytes; red blood cells
C) red blood cells; macrophages
D) red blood cells; lymphocytes
E) epithelial cells; endocrine cells

lymphocytes; red blood cells

When the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues, a(n) ________ develops.

A) autoimmune disease
B) immunodeficiency disease
C) allergic response
D) cross-reaction
E) agglutination reaction

autoimmune disease

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John

A) is feeling achy.
B) is producing T lymphocytes.
C) has a sore throat.
D) is running a fever.
E) has swollen lymph nodes.

is running a fever.

Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?

A) NK cells
B) plasma cells
C) memory T cells
D) macrophages
E) suppressor T cells

macrophages

Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into

A) veins.
B) peripheral capillary beds.
C) arteries.
D) the kidneys.
E) arterioles.

veins.

Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?

A) They contain T lymphocytes and lymphatic tissues do not.
B) They are found in the digestive tract and lymphatic tissues are found in the thorax.
C) They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.
D) They cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphatic tissues can.
E) They occur throughout the body except in the head.

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

A) right lymphatic duct.
B) thoracic duct.
C) cisterna chyli.
D) hepatic portal vein.
E) dural sinus

thoracic duct.

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except

A) destruction of target cell plasma membranes.
B) stimulation of inflammation.
C) inhibition of the immune response.
D) opsonization.
E) chemotaxis.

inhibition of the immune response.

Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in
A) the adult spleen.
B) the adult thymus.
C) bone marrow.
D) the tonsils.
E) Peyer patches.

the adult spleen.

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than
A) 105°F.
B) 99°F.
C) 98.6°F.
D) 102°F.
E) 99.5°F.

99°F.

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?
A) secrete strong acid
B) secrete organic solvent
C) secrete free radicals
D) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis
E) secrete mutant proteins

secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
A) NK
B) plasma
C) B
D) helper T
E) suppressor T

NK