Brain Parts

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary movements.

Cerebellum

Coordinates movement, balance, and posture.

Brainstem

Controls essential life functions like breathing and heart rate.

Frontal Lobe

Responsible for decision-making, reasoning, and voluntary movements; includes the motor cortex.

Parietal Lobe

Processes sensory information, including touch and spatial awareness.

Occipital Lobe

Responsible for vision.

Temporal Lobe

Processes sound, language, and memory.

Hippocampus

Critical structure for memory formation and spatial navigation.

Amygdala

Processes emotions such as fear and pleasure.

Thalamus

Relays sensory signals to different brain regions.

Hypothalamus

Regulates hunger, temperature, and hormones.

Basal Ganglia

Controls movement and habit formation.

Meninges

Protective layers around the brain, consisting of dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cushions and nourishes the brain.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

Protective filter preventing harmful substances from entering the brain.

Corpus Callosum

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Spinal Cord

Sends messages between the brain and body.

Optic Nerve

Transmits visual information to the brain.

Circle of Willis

A network of arteries supplying stable blood flow to the brain.

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Supplies blood to major areas of the brain.

Jugular Veins

Drain blood from the brain to the heart.

Dural Sinuses

Collect and direct blood out of the brain.

Ischemic Stroke

Results from blocked blood flow, leading to brain damage.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Results from a burst blood vessel, causing brain damage.

Dura Mater

Tough outer layer of the meninges, forms the dural sinuses.

Arachnoid Mater

Thin, web-like middle layer of the meninges.

Pia Mater

Delicate inner layer of the meninges that supplies blood vessels.

Gray Matter

Composed of neuron cell bodies, responsible for processing and decision-making.

White Matter

Composed of myelinated axons, responsible for signal transmission.

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

To coordinate movement, balance, and posture.

What does the frontal lobe control?

Decision-making, reasoning, and voluntary movements.

What is the role of the thalamus in the brain?

To relay sensory signals to different brain regions.

What is the main difference between gray matter and white matter?

Gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Hunger, temperature, and hormones.

What are the protective layers surrounding the brain called?

Meninges.

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

To prevent harmful substances from entering the brain.

What type of blood flow issue results from a blockage?

Ischemic stroke.

What structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

Corpus callosum.

What does the optic nerve transmit?

Visual information to the brain.

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Memory formation and spatial navigation.

What arterial network ensures stable blood flow to the brain?

Circle of Willis.

What type of matter is found in the outer brain layer?

Gray matter.

What layer of the meninges contains blood vessels?

Pia mater.