Unit 3 Patho Study Guide

feen jbhs 2526

cardiac output

measures the amount of blood ejected by ventricles in one minute

preload

stretching of heart when ventricles are full

afterload

force heart has to overcome to eject blood

heart failure

heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

ischemia

decrease in bloodflow to an area

infarction

tissue damage because of a decrease in bloodflow

angina

chest pain because of a decrease in oxygen or bloodflow to the heart

cardiomyopathy

heart muscle disease making it hard to pump blood

valve stenosis

stiffening of heart valves

coronary arteries

vessels delivering blood to heart tissue

Stable angina

chest pain worse with activity and relieved with rest. inadequite oxygen to heart muscle during activity. stable plaque in coronary arteries

unstable angina

chest pain with activity and rest. can lead to a heart attack. plaque ruptures and partially blocks coronary arteries.

increased backflow

pulmonary congestion, increased workload on the right heart, leads to right and left heart failure

decreased forward flow

tired, weak, cold extremeties, decreased urine output, dizzy, syncope, altered mental state

hypertrophy

cardiac output decreases, increased growth, valve stenosis/stiffening

stenosis

heart valves stiffen, causing poor forward flow.

SA node

pacemaker of the heart

AV node

responsible for the pause.

Bundle of HIS

accepts impulse and splits off into right and left bundles

purjunkie fibers

carries impulse to ventricles through right and left bundles.

60-100 bpm

normal sinus rhythm

Atrial Fibrillation

quiver in the heart, uneven QRS (uneven squeeze)

Ventricular Fibrillation

abnormal cardiac rhythm, no sinus rhythm, wonky currents.

Sinus Tachycardia

regular wave structure, rapid heart rate

Sinus Bradycardia

regular wave structure, extremely slow heart rate

Asystole

little to no EKG activity, no electrical currents from the heart.

P wave

wave responsible for atrial depolarization

T wave

wave responsible for ventricular repolarization

QRS wave

wave responsible for ventricular depolarization

Electrocardiogram

detects heart patterns and electrical pulse. cannot determine deformities within the heart.

Modifiable risk factors

smoking, diet, lifestyle, obesity, alcoholism

nonmodifiable risk factors

genes, history, age, gender, race