ANAPHY - CELLS

What is the Cell Theory?

Cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.

Who discovered cells?

Robert Hooke.

Who first observed living microorganisms?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Who concluded that plants are made of cells?

Matthias Schleiden.

Who concluded that animals are made of cells?

Theodore Schwann.

Who proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells?

Rudolf Virchow.

What are the two major types of cells?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell without a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Function of the cytoplasm?

Holds organelles and is the site of many metabolic reactions.

Function of the nucleus?

Controls cell activities and stores DNA.

Function of the nucleolus?

Produces ribosomes.

Function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis.

Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesizes and transports proteins.

Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

Function of lysosomes?

Digest waste materials and worn-out organelles.

Function of mitochondria?

Produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Function of chloroplast?

Performs photosynthesis in plant cells.

Function of vacuole?

Stores water, nutrients, and wastes.

Function of the cell wall?

Provides protection and support.

Function of centrioles?

Assist in cell division.

Function of peroxisomes?

Break down hydrogen peroxide using catalase.

Function of the cytoskeleton?

Maintains cell shape and assists movement.

Which cells have a true nucleus?

Eukaryotic cells.

Which cells have membrane-bound organelles?

Eukaryotic cells.

Which cells have circular DNA?

Prokaryotic cells.

Which cells contain 70S ribosomes?

Prokaryotic cells.

Which cells contain 80S ribosomes?

Eukaryotic cells.