roman history

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15 Terms

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Foundation Myth

According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BCE by Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by a she-wolf.

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Punic Wars

Military conflicts between Rome and Carthage (264-146 BCE) that solidified Rome's dominance in the Mediterranean.

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Roman Republic

Established in 509 BCE after the overthrow of the last king, Tarquin the Proud, allowing broader civic participation.

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Scipio Africanus

Roman general known for defeating Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 BCE, marking a turning point in the Second Punic War.

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Legions

The main military unit of the Roman army, consisting of 4,500 to 5,000 soldiers, recognized by an eagle standard.

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Public baths (thermae)

Important social centers in Rome where people went to relax, exercise, and socialize.

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Paterfamilias

The title held by the father in Roman society, having absolute authority over the family.

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Hannibal Barca

Carthaginian general known for his tactical genius during the Second Punic War against Rome.

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Ambush and Deception

Hannibal's tactics that involved surprising Roman forces and exploiting their underestimation of his capabilities.

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Cohorts

Divisions of a legion serving as the primary tactical unit, typically containing around 480 soldiers.

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