AP World History - Sem. 1 - Midterm Review

Post-Classical Era

600-1450 CE
- increase in trading
- relationships between countries increased
- religions

Middle Ages

same as Post-Classical Era
- trading
- religions

Amerindians

- native people of the Americas

Sui Dynasty

589-618
- began Great Wall of China
- centralized power
- reunited China

Wen Di

-founded the Sui dynasty
- initiated reforms to build a canal

Tang Dynasty

- continued to work on Great Wall
- expanded towards central Asia
- paper currency
- trade routes
Buddhism revival
- confucianism
- growth of industrial cities

Empress Wu

- female empress
- helped challenge traditional subservience of women

Neo-Confucianism

- religion based on
- family relations and respect
- gender roles
- respect to authority

mix of Buddhism and Confucianism

Song (Sung) Dynasty

980-1279
- inventions
- movable type
- catapults
- compass
- Neo Confucianism
- promoted trade

Syncretism

Blending of cultures/identities

Fourth Crusade

Led to the looting of Constantinople

Hejaz

- region of Saudi Arabia
- contains two of the holiest sites in Islam

Medina

- second holiest city
- center of Islamic culture

Umayyad

- dynasty
- shifted power from Damscus to Cordoba
- wealth hoarded by the elite

Abbasid

- ruled from Baghdad
- Overthrew Umayyad through armed conflict in 748
- adopted lots of Persian culture

Upanishads

- collection of writing dating from 800-200 BCE

Brahma

- Hindu god
- divine force of creation

Maya

- cosmic force that presents Brahman
- is what allows gods to make humans believe in illusions

Atman

- the universal self

Sasmara

reincarnation

Moksha

The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.

Varnas

- Each has responsibilities
- a social caste

Jatis

- caste
- anything with generic characteristics in common

Brahmins

- priests
- highest level

Dalits

- untouchables
- lowest level
- performs dirtiest work

Ashoka

- emperor of the Mauryan dynasty

Battle of Kalinga

- Ashoka tried to capture the area
- led to death filled conflict
- Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a peacful monarch

Ahimsa

- principle of not causing harm to other living things

Yucatan Peninsula

- peninsula in southern Mexico
- Maya culture
- Olmec culture

Andean mountains

AKA Andres
- Moche used them to get water

La Venta

- an Olmec city

Chavin de Huantar

-built by Chavin
- Peru
- former city

Pakal the Great

- from Palenque
- ascended throne about 615 CE

Palace of Palenque

- built in the 7/8 century

Diego de Landa

- Spanish Dominican friar
- in 1549 deciphered glyphs into Spanish
- in 1562 helped destroy tablets

Haab

- civil calendar that has 365 days in a year
- modern calendar

Popol Vuh

- book containing a version of the Mayan story of creation
- sacred text

Cerro Blanco

- one time Moche capital

Warrior Priest tomb

- most elaborate tomb in North America
- jade

West African Kingdoms

- Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
- traded gold for salt (iodine)
- Ghana

The Rus (Russians)

- Vladimir adopted Christianity in 988CE
- gave Russia Byzantine allies
- allienated them from those at the south border of Eurasia

Prince Vladimir

- adopted Christianity
- Russian prince

Monetization

- adoption of standard gold backed currency

Hanseatic League

- connected major cities
- controlled trade routes

Sinification

- transmission of Chinese culture into other areas

Taika Era

- began 645
- high amount of sinification during this time period

Bantu

- African group that originated in the Congo
- migrated through Africa

King Lalibela

- conceded to the presence of Islam and Christianity in Ethiopia

Eastern Roman Empire

Eastern Roman Empire
- part of the Byzantine empire
- survived the collapse of the Western part
- capitol was Constantinople

Byzantine Empire

- fell to Turks in 1453
- eastern half
- Roman/Christian tradition

Emperor Constantine X

- terrible emperor
- reduced the army
- allowed barbarians to take over the empire
- Byzantine Emporer

Aden

- important trading city in Yemen

Gujarat

- important trading city in India

Pax Mongolia

- Mongolian era of peace
- Mongols would protect the Silk Road travelers

Yuan Empire

- dynasty established by Kublai Khan

Palmyra

- Levantine city in Syria

Bamiyan

- cave with Buddhist carvings and paintings
- destroyed in 1977 by extremist groups

Manichaeism

- Religion that combines Christianity

Poveglia

- main island off the coast of Venice that was used to quarantine ships

Tribute

- offerings to royalty/gods
- Aztecs would take payments from small groups within their empires

Tenochtitlan

- city built by the Aztecs
- had chinampa

Chinampa

- floating islands in shallow bodies of water that were used for farming

Inca

- ancient empire located in the Andes Mountains.

Cash Crops

- crops that were sold to be used for processing and not for immediate human consumption

Monotheistic Religions

- are a hallmark of civilization

Silk Road

- major trading route in the PCE