Module 1: The role of the nurse in patient safety

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

1. Physiological

2. Safety

3. Love/belonging

4. Esteem

5. Self-actualization

Factors Affecting Safety

Developmental considerations

• safety risks exist from conception and change from infancy to older adult stage

Lifestyle

• occupation: exposure to health hazards, increased risk of specific injuries

• social behavior: risk taking behaviors, poor lifestyle choices

Environment

• exposure to pollutants and high-crime areas

Mobility

• limitations: unsteady gait, paralysis, spinal cord injury, recent surgery, prolonged illness

Sensory perception (deprivation or overload)

• impairments: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch

Knowledge

• awareness of safety and security precautions

Ability to communicate

• ability to receive and send messages

Physical health state

• safety factors in all phases of illness and recovery

Psychosocial health state

• impairments: stress, depression, social isolation

The Nursing Process

A- Assessment → collect information

D- Diagnosis/Analysis → Identify the patient’s problem

P- Planning/Outcome Identification→ Decide what you want to happen

I- Implementation→ Do the interventions/take action

E- Evaluation→ Did it work/ was it achieved

Contributing factors of sensory perception

Vision loss

• Presbyopia- age-related difficulty seeing things up close (older)

• Cataracts- lens of the eye becomes cloudy

• Glaucoma- condition that damages the optic nerve and can cause vision loss

• Diabetic retinopathy- diabetes damages the small blood vessels in the retina of the eye

• macular degeneration- damage to the macula

• infection

• inflammation

• injury

• brain tumor

Conductive hearing loss

• obstructive- blocked by something

• wax accumulation- build up of wax

• tympanic membrane perforation- hole or tear in eardrum

• ear infections

• otosclerosis- abnormal growth in the middle ear

Sensorineural hearing loss

• exposure to loud noises, ototoxic medications, aging, acoustic neuroma

Taste deficit

• xerostomia- dry mouth

Neurological deficit

• peripheral numbness

• peripheral neuropathy- damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Stroke

Triage

During mass casualty events, causalities are separated in relation to
their potential for survival, and treatment is allocated accordingly

Categories:

• Emergent or Immediate Category (Class 1)

  • Life Threatening injuries with high possibility of survival

• Urgent or Delayed Category (Class 2)

  • -Major injuries that are not yet life-threatening and can wait 30mins-2 hrs

• Non-urgent or Minimal Category (Class 3)

  • Minor injuries; do not need immediate attention

• Expectant Category (Class 4)

  • Not expected to live; allowed to die naturally

Fire Safety: RACE

R-rescue

A-alarm

C-contain

E-extinguish

PASS - pull, aim, squeeze, sweep

AIDET

A-Acknowledge

I-Introduce

D-Duration

E-Explanation

T-Thank You