Chapters 10, 11, 13, 14 & 15 Review ( Video Clips)

Which of the following is the main characteristic of excessive immune responses?

A.      Autoimmunity

B.      Immune deficiency

C.    Leukemia

D.    Increased susceptibility to infections

What is a key characteristic of Type I Hypersensitivity?

IgE binds to mast cells, leading to degranulation and histamine release.

Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissue causing inflammation.

Antigen is on the cell surface, and IgM/IgG activate the complement system.

It is associated with a defect in T-cell regulation.

Which of the following is NOT a common example of Type III hypersensitivity?

Urticaria (hives)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

Which of the following is a general characteristic of acute leukemia?

Overproduction of blast cells (>20%) in the bone marrow and bloodstream

Bone marrow contains only normal cells

Symptoms that develop over time

Primarily involves lymph tissue rather than blood and bone marrow

In children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), what is a common symptom related to the joints?

Hemarthrosis, leading to refusal to walk

Joint pain due to arthritis

Bone fractures due to weakened bones

Swollen joints from excessive fluid buildup

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is mutation of ------

B cell

T cell

NK cell

Antibody

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma tends to spread in a more predictable, orderly fashion compared to Hodgkin lymphoma.

True

False

Which of the following is a hallmark feature of Plasma Cell Myeloma?

Formation of Bence Jones protein due to light chain accumulation

Overproduction of heavy chains

Decreased spleen size

Increased antibody production without mutation

What leads to hypercalcemia in Plasma Cell Myeloma?

Increased activity of osteoclasts due to high PTH levels

Increased absorption of calcium in the kidneys

Decreased parathyroid hormone activity

Decreased calcium levels in the blood

A decrease in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is associated with which condition?

Microcytic anemia

Macrocytic anemia

Normocytic anemia

Polycythemia

Secondary polycythemia can be caused by conditions that lead to increased erythropoietin (EPO) production.

True

False

Pernicious anemia is due to low folic acid concentration.

True

False

What is the first step in the process of hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction

Platelet plug formation

Coagulation cascade

Fibrinolysis

Which of the following conditions is characterized by both excessive clotting and bleeding?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Von Willebrand disease

Hemophilia A

Thrombocytopenia

What laboratory finding is expected in Vitamin K defeciency?

Prolonged bleeding time

Prolonged aPTT

Increased D-dimer

Increased platelet count

What is a major consequence of blood flow obstruction?

Ischemia

Hyperoxia

Increased oxygen delivery

Decreased blood pressure

Atherosclerosis is initiated by damage to the endothelial lining of arteries, triggering an inflammatory response.

True

False

The "6 Ps" (Pallor, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Pain, Polar, Pulseless) are classic signs of:

Acute arterial occlusion

Chronic venous insufficiency

Raynaud Syndrome

Thrombocytopenia