EBP Chapters 1-3 Questions

Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice?

A. Practitioners collecting data from their own practice situations to answer all of their clinical questions

B. Making clinical decisions based on experience and routine

C. Using research evidence when explaining to the client why you have chosen and will be using a specific intervention

D. Taking into account the research evidence, your practice experience, and the client's values when making clinical decisions

D. Taking into account the research evidence, your practice experience, and the client's values when making clinical decisions

The PICO format is most consistently applied to which type of research question?

A. Efficacy

B. Descriptive

C. Predictive

D. Assessment/diagnostic

E. Qualitative

A. Efficacy

The external evidence component of evidence-based practice is limited because it typically provides which type of information about an intervention?

A. How to apply the evidence in a specific situation

B. How the intervention relates to a client's situation and values

C. Whether or not an intervention is effective in a controlled context

D. Whether or not an intervention is more effective than emerging practices

C. Whether or not an intervention is effective in a controlled context

Which of the following best describes a critically appraised paper?

A. A summary and analysis of a single research study

B. A synopsis of multiple studies on a specific topic

C. A paper describing expert opinion regarding a practice question

D. An assessment of an intervention based on clinical experience

A. A summary and analysis of a single research study

The question, "Which factors are most correlated with fall risk"? would be best answered with what type of question?

A. Efficacy

B. Descriptive

C. Predictive

D. Assessment/diagnostic

C. Predictive

What features of level II studies makes them stronger than level III studies?

Control group

Which type of research best answers a question about the lived experience?

A. Efficacy

B. Descriptive

C. Predictive

D. Assessment/diagnostic

E. Qualitative

E. Qualitative

What feature of systematic review makes them stronger (i.e., a higher level of evidence) than randomized controlled trials?

A. Replication

B. Random assignment

C. Use of pretest and posttest

D. Use of a control group

A. Replication

A study examines the efficacy of yoga for reducing symptoms in schizophrenia by comparing a group of volunteers who participate in a yoga group with a group of volunteers who participate in an exercise group. Symptoms are compared before and after participation in the groups. This study would be classified as what level of evidence?

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

B. II

A single group of pretest and posttest finds that kinesiotape is effective in reducing shoulder pain. Which of the follow-up studies would be most useful in increasing the strength of the evidence for that intervention?

A. Following up with the participants in this study to determine if their improvements were maintained

B. Conducting another study replicating the same design

C. Using a single-subject design with a new sample

D. Using a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of this intervention as compared with a control group

D. Using a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of this intervention as compared with a control group

Which type of research does not have a hypothesis and instead is more interested in discovery and understanding of phenomena?

A. Quantitative

B. Qualitative

C. Basic

D. Applied

B. Qualitative

A nonrandomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of adaptive seating for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would be classified as what type of research?

A. Experimental

B. Nonexperimental

C. Qualitative

D. Basic

A. Experimental

A study finds that the prevalence of learning disabilities is approximately 10%. This study is best classified as

A. Experimental

B. Nonexperimental

C. Qualitative

D. Basic

B. Nonexperimental

When a researcher finds that the intervention group improved significantly more than the control group, which statement below is most accurate?

A. The findings prove that the intervention condition is more effective than the control condition

B. There is no difference between the intervention and control condition

C. The hypothesis that the intervention group will have better outcomes than the control group was supported by the findings

D. Clinicians can be confident that the improvement in the intervention group is clinically significant

C. The hypothesis that the intervention group will have better outcomes than the control group was supported by the findings

A study is conducted examining the effect of use of a weighted vest on standardized test scores for children with ADHD in the classroom. While taking the test, some children with ADHD wear the weighted vest and some do not. Whether the child is in the group wearing the weighted vest or not would be considered what type of variable?

A. Dependent

B. Independent

C. Control

D. Extraneous

B. Independent

Before random assignment, a study matches participants by grade and severity of ADHD symptoms. Participants are then randomly assigned to a cognitive remediation program or a wait-list control group to determine if the intervention improves classroom participation and performance. Grade and severity of symptoms are what type of variable?

A. Independent

B. Dependent

C. Control

D. Extraneous

C. Control

Which study is better for determining the likelihood of depression occurring after job loss?

A. Experimental

B. Factorial

C. Cross sectional

D. Longitudinal

D. Longitudinal

Which of the following is the best example of qualitative research?

A. Learning about the daily life experience of caregivers from the caregiver's perspective

B. Examining the efficacy of a caregiver intervention

C. Comparing caregivers and noncaregivers on a quality-of-life measure

D. Studying the relationship between caregiving and physical health

A. Learning about the daily life experience of caregivers from the caregiver's perspective

All the students in a classroom receive a mindfulness intervention. Stress and test performance are the outcome measures. This study would best be classified as

A. Experimental

B. Quasiexperimental

C. Pre-experimental

D. Qualitative

C. Pre-experimental

A study is described as a 2 x 2 design. This means the study has

A. Two independent variables with two levels

B. Two independent variables and two dependent variables

C. One independent variable with two levels and one dependent variable with two levels

D. Two independent variables and two control variables

A. Two independent variables with two levels.

Which database provides the full text of all citations?

A. PubMed

B. PubMed Central

C. CINAHL

D. OTSeeker/PEDro

B. PubMed Central

Which database is limited to randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews relevant to OT practice?

A. Pub Med Central

B. CINAHL

C. OTSeeker

D. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

C. OTSeeker

Which of the Boolean Operators will increase the number of articles you are searching for?

A. AND

B. OR

C. NOT

D. PLUS

B. OR

Which terms should you use if you want to find studies on different types of dementia but want to exclude studies on frontotemporal dementia?

A. Dementia AND frontotemporal

B. Dementia OR frontotemporal

C. Dementia NOT frontotemporal

C. Dementia NOT frontotemporal

Which function should you use if you want to search for the work of a particular author?

A. Advanced Search

B. Boolean operator

C. Limits

D. Filter

A. Advanced Search

Publication bias most often refers to

A. the tendency to publish more positive than negative results

B. the tendency to publish more negative than positive results

C. the positive bias of industry-supported research

D. the preference for randomized controlled trials

A. the tendency to publish more positive than negative results

Which of the following would be most likely to cause concern when trying to assess the credibility of a Web site's recommendation for a certain practice?

A. Citations of peer reviewed articles that support the practice

B. Links to the original studies on the practice

C. Association of the Web site with industry leaders who have financial interests in the practice

D. Access to the mission statement of the organization sponsoring the Web site

C. Association of the Web site with industry leaders who have financial interests in the practice

A benefit of membership in your professional organization most typically includes

A. access to the full text of the organization's journal

B. access to the services of a research librarian

C. access to the full text of all articles indexed in PubMed

A. access to the full text of the organization's journal

The practice implications of a study are included in what section of a research article?

A. Introduction

B. Methods

C. Results

D. Discussion

D. Discussion

Any financial conflicts of interest should be identified in what section of a research article?

A. Abstract

B. Methods

C. Results

D. Acknowledgements

D. Acknowledgements