chemistry structure and bonding
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30 Terms
what is a subatomic particle?
a particle smaller than an atom
what are the 3 subatomic particles?
proton, neutron, electron
where are protons found in the atom?
in the nucleus
where are neutrons found in an atom?
in the nucleus
where are electrons found in the atom?
in the shells around the nucleus
what is between the nucleus and the shells?
nothing
what is the relative mass of a proton?
1
what is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
what is the relative mass of an electron?
(almost) 0
what is the relative charge of a proton?
1
what is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
what is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
what is the approximate radius of an atom?
0.1nm
what is the approximate radius of a nucleus?
1/10,000 of the radius of an atom
what are nucleons?
subatomic particles in the nucleus (neutrons and protons)
what does the atomic number of an atom represent?
the number of protons
what does the atomic mass number of an atom represent?
the total number of nucleons (protons AND neutrons)
what feature of atoms determine which element they are?
the atomic number
how can you work out how many neutrons there are in an atom?
subtract the atomic number from the mass number
how can we use the periodic table to work out the number of electrons an atom has?
use the atomic number/proton number
why do atoms have no overall charge?
equal numbers of protons and electrons
what is the maximum number of electrons that can fit on the first electron shell?
2
what is the maximum number of atoms that can fit on the second electron shell (and beyond)?
8
what is the plum pudding model of the atom?
positive ball of charge with negative electrons within
who proposed the plum pudding model?
JJ Thompson
what is the nuclear model of the atom?
very small positive charged nucleus in the centre of the atom
what evidence led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom?
alpha scattering experiment
who first carried out the alpha scattering experiment?
rutherford
who first proposed that electrons were arranged in electron shells?
niels bohr
who discovered the neutron?
james chadwick