Nueroanatomy: Fissures/Sulci, Cerebral Hemispheres,Tracts

The cerebral hemispheres is developed from the _____________

telencephalon

What are the four major elements of the cerebral hemisphere?

outer cerbral cortex of gray matter, underlying white matter tracts, masses of gray matter, and the paired cavities for CSF (lateral ventricles)

What is the purpose of the underlying white matter tracts in the cerebral hemispheres?

communicating with other parts of the brain

Where are the masses of grey matter in the cerebral hemispheres located?

base of the cerebrum basal ganglia/basal nuclei

What type of cells are cerebral hemispheres comprimised of?

pyramidal cells and granule cells

What are pyramidal cells?

cells that send axons through tracts to other areas

What are granule cells?

Internuerons

What is the most highly evolved area of the brain?

cerebral cortex

What does the cerebral hemispheres consist of, topographically?

gyri (folds/hills/convolutions) and fissures/sulci (depressions)

What are the cerebral hemispheres divided into? What borders this?

lobes (frontal, parietal,temporal, and occipital); sulci

What fissure runs beneath the sagittal suture of the skull?

a. lateral fissure

b. longitudinal fissure (medial longitudinal fissure)

c. parieto-occipital fissure

d. central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)

longitudinal fissure

What is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure (or medial longitudinal fissure)?

L and R hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

What fissure runs beneath the coronal suture of the skull?

a. lateral fissure

b. longitudinal fissure (medial longitudinal fissure)

c. parieto-occipital fissure

d. central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)

central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)

What is the purpose of the central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)?

seperates the frontal and parietal lobes

What borders the central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)?

anteriorly: precentral gyrus of frontal lobe and posteriorly the postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe

What fissure runs beneath the squasmosal suture?

a. lateral fissure

b. longitudinal fissure (medial longitudinal fissure)

c. parieto-occipital fissure

d. central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)

lateral fissure aka sylvian fissure

What is the purpose of the lateral fissure (sylvian fissure)?

seperates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes

What suture runs beneath the lamboidal suture?

a. lateral fissure

b. longitudinal fissure (medial longitudinal fissure)

c. parieto-occipital fissure

d. central sulcus (sulcus of rolando)

parietal occipital fissure

What is the purpose of the parieto occipital fissure?

seperates the parietal from the occpital lobe

What are tracts?

White matter of cerebrum

What are commisures?

tracts conecting the L and R hemispheres

What is the largest commissure?

corpus callosum (forms roof over lateral ventricles)

What is the function of the commisures?

allows communication between the 2 hemispheres

What are association tracts?

tracts running anterior/posterior between cortical areas

What is the purpose of association tracts?

allowed associations as an emotional response to a visual stimulus