History Static Legal tathya

Government declared the practice of sati

illegal and punishable as culpable homicide through the _________ applicable

regulation of 1829,

the __________ declared infanticide illegal and equivalent to murder,

Bengal regulations of 1795 and 1804

______ made registration of all births compulsory.

Act passed

in 1870

It was mainly due to the efforts of ____________ (1820-91) that the Hindu Widows'

Remarriage Act of 1856 — which legalized widow remarriage and declared children from such marriages as

legitimate — was passed.

Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

It was mainly due to the efforts of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar that the)_____________ — which legalized widow remarriage and declared children from such marriages as

legitimate — was passed.

Hindu Widows'

Remarriage Act of 1856

The Christian missionaries were the first to set up the _______________ under the

auspices of the London Missionary Society.

calcutta Female Juvenile Society in 1819,

________ , who

founded the Hindu Female School in Calcutta in 1849 — later renamed Bethune School

J.E.D. Bethune

Hindu Female School in Calcutta in 1849 — later renamed ________

Bethune School

the promotion of

women's education in the 1840s and 1850s received a big boost under___________ which

emphasized women's education as an important objective of educational policy.

Charles Wood's Despatch of 1854,

Raja Rammohan Roy — rightly called the

Father of Indian Renaissance

______ wrote Tuhfat-ul-Muwahidin

raja Rammohan roy

In 1814, RRR set up the ________ in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, and meaningless

rituals.

Atmiya Sabha

In 1825, RRR established a ________- offering both Indian and Western

learning

Vedanta College

Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha on____________ - committed to the worship of the Eternal, Unsearchable,

Immutable Being, with prayers, meditation, and readings from the Upanishads as forms of worship, and with no

graven image or idol permitted in the Samaj buildings

20 August 1828

Roy founded the institution as the ________- . It was later renamed the

Brahmo Samaj under Debendranath Tagore.

Brahmo Sabha

________ ), a young Anglo-Indian teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta, was one of

the earliest radical reformers in India

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831

Maharishi Debendranath Tagore (1817-1905), gave new life to the Brahmo

Samaj when he joined it in

1842.

________ had founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha (1839), which, along with its

organ Tattvabodhini Patrika in Bengali,

Debernath Tagore

In 1867,__________ helped form the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay

Keshub Chandra Sen

Paramhansa Mandali (note: Mandali, not Sabha) was founded in ______

1849

In 1850,

_____ became the Principal of Sanskrit College

Vidyasaar

________ founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers' Society) in

1873, with leadership drawn from the backward classes Malis, Telis, Kunbis, Salis (weavers), and Dhangars. I

Jyothibai Phule

In

_______ , Phule was honored with the title 'Mahatma' by a Maharashtrian social reformer.

1888

Ramakrishna Paramhansa (1836-1886) — born ___________ — was a mystic and spiritual teacher

whose teachings were based on the unity of all religions.

Gadadhar Chattopadhyay

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) born Narendranath Datta formalized the institutional wing of the

movement by founding the Ramakrishna Mission on

1 May 1897

Vivekananda's international fame grew after his celebrated speech at the __________ , held as part of the World's Columbian Exposition

World Parliament of Religions in

Chicago (1893)

The Arya Samaj, founded in ______ by Swami Dayanand Saraswati

1875

The Theosophical Society was founded in 1875 in New York by _____ and ______- . I

Madame Helena Blavatsky

and Colonel Henry Steel Olcott

In 1882, the Theosophical Society established its international headquarters at

_________ , making India the centre of its global activities.

Adyar, Chennai (Madras)

she founded the Central Hindu

College at Varanasi (1898), which later became Banaras Hindu University (BH, who is she

Annie Besant

Central Hindu

College at Varanasi (1898), which later became Banaras Hindu University (BHU) under

Madan Mohan Malaviya

The ___________ , inspired by the reformist teachings of Shah Walliullah (1702-1762), was one of the

earliest revivalist responses to the declining socio-religious condition of Indian Muslims in the 18th century.

Wahabi Movement

Barelvi school of Sunni Islam founded by

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

The __________ spearheaded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817-1898), marked a crucial phase in the

modernization of Indian Muslims during the late 19th century.

Aligarh Movement,

Prominent editors like __________ used newspapers to create national awareness and encourage political participation.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Surendranath

Banerjea

s. Scholars like ___________ along

with Indian historians like R.G. Bhandarkar, R.L. Mitra, and thinkers like Swami Vivekananda, emphasized the

philosophical, scientific, and cultural richness of India's ancient past.

Max Mueller, Monier Williams, and Roth,

One of the earliest political bodies was the ___________ established in 1836 by followers and

disciples of Raja Rammohan Roy.

Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha,

The ___________ , also known as the Landholders' Society, was formed in 1838 and is recognized as

India's first political association with defined political goals.

Zamindari Association

Its stated

purpose was the collection and dissemination of information on the economic and administrative condition of

Indians under British rule, urging constitutional methods to secure justice and equality.

Bengal British India Society, founded in 1843,

In 1851, the Landholders'

Society and the Bengal British India Society merged to form the ________

British Indian Association

allowed for the appointment

of Indian members to the Governor-General's legislative council, initiating Indian legislative participation in a

limited form.

Charter act of 1853

The most significant pre-Congress political organization was the Indian Association of Calcutta, founded in 1876

by _____________

Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose.

___________ aimed to develop a strong and educated public opinion on national and political matters,

and to unite Indians from various regions under a common political platform.

The Indian Association

The idea for a pan-Indian political platform was conceived by ___________ a retired

British civil servant.

Allan Octavian Hume,

Before the INC's founding session, two meetings of the Indian National Conference had

been held in ______ and _______

1883 and 1885,

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in December 1885, attended by ____-

delegates and presided over by _____

72, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

________ and ______ were the first two women graduates of Calcutta University,

Kadambini Ganguly

and Chandramukhi Basu

They articulated the "Drain Theory", which argued that a substantial

portion of India's wealth was transferred to Britain without adequate compensation.

Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C. Dutt, and Dinshaw Wacha,

n. The

Indian Councils Act of 1861 was particularly inadequate between 1862 and 1892, only _____ Indians were

nominated to councils,

45

Growing pressure led to the ______ which modestly expanded Indian representatio

Indian Councils Act of 1892,

The arrest and trial of Bal Gangadhar Tilak on charges of sedition (leading to his

deportation to Mandalay) and the prosecution of Aurobindo Ghosh and others connected to the bomb-

making plot uncovered in Alipore, Calcutta

Alipore Bomb Case (1908):

_________ was

arrested, tried, and hanged on 11 August 1908 at the age of 18, making him one of the youngest martyrs of

the freedom struggle.

Khudiram

The Lucknow pact was brokered primarily by _________ from the Congress side and ________ from

the Muslim League,

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Muhammad Ali Jinnah

The Swadeshi Movement emerged in direct response to the British decision to

partition Bengal in 1905.

The formal public announcement ( of partition of bengal )was made on

19 July 1905.

On 7 August 1905, during a landmark meeting at Calcutta Town Hall, __________ was passed, marking the formal beginning of the Swadeshi Movement.

the Boycott

Resolution

Spread of Swadesh movement- Bombay and Poona — championed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Spread of Swadesh movement- Punjab — led by

Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh

Spread of Swadesh movement-Delhi — by

Syed Haider Raza

Spread of Swadesh movement- Madras Presidency - by

V.O. Chidambaram Pillai

At its 1905 session under the presidency of ____________ the INC officially endorsed the Swadeshi and

anti-partition agitation

Gopal Krishna Gokhale,

The Swadesh Bandhab Samiti, led

by _________ used magic lantern lectures, songs, and street dramas to mobilize the masses.

Ashwini Kumar Dutt,

To counter British-controlled education, the__________ was set up in 1906 with Aurobindo Ghosh

as its first principal.

Bengal National College

. Tagore's __________ , composed during the

movement, was later adopted as Bangladesh's national anthem.

"Amar Sonar Bangla"

____________ was the first

recipient of an Oriental Art scholarship in 1907, symbolizing this nationalist cultural resurgence.

Nandalal Bose

The Partition of Bengal was officially annulled in 1911 — announced by_________ at_______ (held on 12 December 1911)

King George V at the Delhi Durbar of

1911

The Surat Split marked a major turning point in the early nationalist movement, occurring during the Congress

session of ________ at Surat

December 1907

At the _________ ideological differences came to the forefront. The Extremists pushed for

expanding the boycott and Swadeshi movement beyond Bengal. The Moderates resisted this expansion

Benaras Congress session (1905),

At Calcutta in 1906, _________ was chosen as Congress president.

Dadabhai Naoroji

The council reforms introduced by the__________ failed to meet the expectations of

either faction, resulting in a period of stagnation within the Congress in the years immediately following the spli

British in 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)

Extremists remained outside the Congress until their readmission in 1916, when the two factions reunited in

preparation for the

Lucknow Pact.

The Ghadar Party was formally founded on 1 November 1913 at

Astoria, Oregon.

Its ( ghadhar party) main newspaper

headquarters and principal base of activity, however, was established at ________ in San Francisco.

Yugantar Ashram

_____________-

incident, which exposed the racial discrimination faced by Indians overseas

Komagata Maru

The Komagata Maru was a Japanese steamship that carried _____- Indian passengers

overwhelmingly Sikhs (340),

376

t the _____- Congress session, it was decided that the Extremists, including Tilak, would be

readmitted to the Congress. This ended the split that had existed since the Surat split of 1907.

1915