ILS, LOC, GPS stuff

What kind of guidance does a localizer provide?

Lateral Course Guidance

What is the width of of the localizer?

3-6 degrees

How is the aircrafts lateral position determined on a localizer?

By use of frequencies, 150Hz on the right and 90Hz left is used by the receiver to determine the aircrafts lateral position.

What is the coverage range of a localizer?

35 degrees to each side of the centerline for the first 10 nm, then 10 degrees for another 18nm

What does glideslope provide?

Provides vertical course guidance

What is the outer marker?

4-7 miles out and indicates the position of the aircraft should intercept the glideslope at the appropriate interception alitiude. ±50.

It is BLUE

what is the Middle Marker?

~3500 feet from the runway

indicated where GS meets DH.

Usually 200ft above touchdown

Is AMBER

What is the Inner marker?

Between the MM and the runway threshold.

Indicates where DH and GS meet on a CAT II approach

It is WHITE

What is ALS and what does it do?

Approach Light systems, it provides basic visible means to transition between instrument guided flight to a visual approach.

How far does ALS extend?

Precision instrument runways: 2400 to 3000ft

Non-Precision instrument runways: 1400ft-1500ft

What is Suitable RNAV?

WE DO NOT HAVE DME WE HAVE SUITABLE RNAV IN LOU OF DME

can be used to fly rnav waypoints and approaches, DME and the navigate using ground based navaids.

What is RNAV VNAV

Vertical NAVigation guidance

BARO-VNAV

an RNAV system that uses barometric pressure to compute vertical navigation for the pilot

What is a MRB?

Magnetic reference bearing, the published bearing between two waypoints on an RNAV route.

What is GPS?

Global positioning system, it is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) operated by the United States

How many satellites are required for 2D position?

3 satellites (Latitude and longitude.)

How many satellites are required for 3D position?

4 satellites are required (Latitude, longitude and altitude)

What is RAIM?

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring, a function of GPS receiver that monitors the integrity of satellite signals

What is GPS Augmentation systems and what does it do?

Improves GPS accuracy

What is WAAS?

Accuracy, integrity and availability monitoring

WAAS systems on the ground calculate error and sends correction signals to the ground where they are calculated and sent to a satellite unlink and then to the aircraft receiver through VHF.

Allows for APV (LNAV or LPV/VNAV approaches)

What Is LAAS?

Local Area Augmentation System, more accurate than WAAS but covers a smaller area.

What is PBN?

Performance based navigation, a system that allows aircraft to navigate more efficiently by meeting specific performance standards for accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability. Uses both RNP and RNAV

What is RNP?

Required navigation performance, defined as RNAV + navigation monitoring and alerting functionality

What are the 3 components of ILS

Visual Information- ALS

Range Information- DME, Marker beacon

Guidance Information- LOC, Glideslope

What is width of the glideslope?

1.4, .7 each side

GBAS

Ground Based Augmentation system

Same as WAAS but more accurate but covers less area