venous pathology part 2

venous insufficiency akas

venous reflux disease

chronic venous insufficiency

venous insuff symptoms

edema, skin changes, venous ulcers

venous insuff MC involves the

superficial system

CAN be found in superficial, deep, or perforators

MC location for venous insuff

GSV

venous reflux causes

varicosities

what happens when a person w venous reflux stands up

blood flow reverses and flows down superficial veins

what are varicose veins

superficial veins that expand in response to increased pressure caused by incompetent valves

what happens to other valves if one valve fails

increasing pressure exerted on other valves

what GSV diameters confirm incompetent valves

9 mm GSV/CFV junction

7.5 mm mid thigh

5 mm mid calf

venous hypetension

excessive venous pressure

venous hypertension caused by

cardiac disease, volume overload, venous outflow obstruction, venous insufficiency, ineffective muscle pump

venous hypertension leads to

orthostatic edema

what happens to veins in venous hypertension

expand and stay at max capactiy

what is seen in venous hypertension waveform

pulsatility bc vein is over pressure capacity

what % of patients with DVT will develop venous insufficiency

50-80%

symptoms of venous insufficiency

orthostatic edema

stasis dermatitis (itching and flaky skin)

erythema (redness)

lipodermatosclerosis (skin hardening)

bottleneck deficiency (tissue depression)

telangiectasia

threadlike vessel patterns on skin

spider veins

atrophie blanche

scar that occurs after skin injury when blood supply is poor

corona phlebectatica

cutaneous sign of chronic venous insufficiency

corona phleb

abnormally dilated veins around ankle

how do venous stasis ulcers form

decreased oxygen transfer at capillary level leads to ischemia and ulcer

venous ulceration appearance

medial & lateral malleolus / gaiter zone

pain mild to severe

shallow and irregular

bleeding, ooze

arterial ulceration appearance

tibial area, foot, toes

deep, regular, small

shiny skin

loss of hair on foot

thickened toenails

typical neuropathic ulcer associated with

good foot pulses

varicose veins develop in the absense of

DVT

primary varicose veins caused by

incompetent valves in CFV and saphenous veins

secondary varicose veins caused by

valvular incompetence from valve damage from DVT

varicose veins linked to higher incidence of

arterial disease

non vascular causes of leg swelling

lymphatic system blockage, lymphadema

bakers cyst

excess joint fluid pushed into one of the small sacs of tissue behind knee

always scan medial pop space for

bakers cyst

cellulitis

bacterial infection of skins deep layers

cellulitis symptoms

red, hot, fever

causes of upper extremity thrombus

injury

medical insertion of needle & catheters

paget-schroetter syndrome

paget schroetter syndrome

repetitive trauma intermittent compression of SCV

thoracic outlet syndrome

blood vessels (arteries or veins) or nerves in the space between the collarbone and the first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed

normal subclavian vein should be _____

pulsatile

SVC syndrome

a condition where the superior vena cava is obstructed, leading to symptoms such as swelling of the face

SVC syndrome can be caused by

PICC line

tunneled or nontunneled access device

ports

VAD in basilic vein

Seldinger technique