Lab practical/oral exam

What is 1

Tubercle

What is 2

Neck

What is 3

Head

What is 4

Tubercle of 1st rib

What is 5

middle scalene insertion

What is 6

Groove for subclavian artery

What is 7

Anterior scalene tubercle

What is 8

Groove for subclavian vein

What is 9

Subclavian origin

What is 10

Shaft of Rib

What is 11

External intercostal attachment

What is 12

Serrated anterior attachment

What is 13

Insertion for posterior scalene

What is 14

Angle of rib

What is 15

Attachment for serrated anterior m

What is 1

Head

What is 2

Neck

What is 3

tubercle

What is 4

Angle

What is 5

Costal groove

What makes up the anterior wall of the thoracic cage?

sternum and costal cartilage

What makes up the lateral wall of the thoracic cage?

ribs and costal cartilages, + intercostal spaces

What makes up the posterior thoracic cage?

thoracic spine, posterior ribs

Which side of the thoracic cage is longest?

posterior

In what direction is the thoracic cage flattened?

anteroposterior

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperature?

posterior: body T1

lateral: 1st rib and 1st costal cartilage

anterior: superior border of manubrium

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperature?

Posterior: T12, 12th rib, tip of 11th rib

lateral: inferior borders of 10-7 costal cartilages (=costal margin)

anterior: xiphisternal joint

What traverses through the superior thoracic aperature?

esophagus

trachea

vessels and nerves

What traverses through the inferior thoracic aperature?

diaphragm — structures pass through or behind to get to pelvic region

Where is the infrasternal angle located?

between the right and left costal margins

What parts of the rib articulate with something?

head (inferior and superior facets)

tubercle (TVPs)

What is found in the intercostal space?

Vein

Artery

Nerve

all intercostal

what level is the manubrium located at?

T2-3 disc

What articulates with the manubrium?

clavicle

1st rib

what level is the body of the sternum located at?

T5-9

What are transverse ridges on the body of the sternum?

slits of fusion between segments of the body

When does fusion of the body of the sternum occur?

puberty

What level does the xiphoid process sit at?

T10

What articulation does the xiphoid process have?

xiphisternal

7th rib

The xpiphoid process is the site of what structures?

superior surface of liver, diaphragm, and inferior angle of heart

what happens to the xiphisternal joint as you get older?

calcifies

What is unique about the 2nd rib?

1. Oblique angle

2. 2x length of 1^st rib

3. Tuberosity for serratus anterior

What is unique about the 10th rib?

1. Only one articulation (for T10 body)

What is unique about the 11th rib

1. Shorter

2. Floating not attached

3. Only one articulation (T11)

4. No tubercles

What is unique about the 12th rib

1. Shorter

2. Only one articulation (T12)

3. No tubercles

What is unique about the 1st rib?

1. Flat angle

   1. Grooves for subclavian vein (anterior edge of superior surface) and subclavian artery (posterior edge of superior surface)

   2. Insertion for anterior scalene muscle (scalene tubercle)

2. Shortest

3. 1 articular facet (goes to T1 body)  

Forced inspiration movement of the rib is characterized by?

pump handle movement

Resting inspiration movement of the rib is characterized by?

bucket handle movement

pectoralis minor OIAN

1. O: ribs 3-5

2. I: coracoid process

3. A: draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilize

4. N: medial pectoral nerve

pectoralis major OIAN

1. O: clavicle, anterior surface of sternum and ribs 1-6, rectus sheath

2. I: intertubercular groove of humerus

3. A: adduction, medial rotation flexion and extension of humerus, bring scap anteroinferiorly

4. N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

serratus anterior OIAN

1. O: ribs 1-9

2. I: anterior aspect of medial border of scapula

3. A: stabilize scap, hold to thoracic cage, anterolateral movement of scap

4. N: long thoracic nerve

action and direction of fibers of external intercostals

elevate ribs

anterior and inferior

action and direction of fibers of internall intercostals

depress ribs

posterior and superior

action and direction of fibers of innermost intercostals

depress ribs

same as external = anterior and inferior

branches of internal thoracic artery?

musculophrenic

superior epigastric

What do the perforating branches supply?

blood to breast

What do the pericardiacophrenic artery supply?

pericardium, pleura, diaphragm

What does the pericardiaophrenic artery run with?

phrenic nerve

What does the superior epigastric artery supply?

central part of the anterior abdominal wall above umbilicus

What does the musculophrenic artery supply?

diaphragm and anterior intercostal arteries of lower 5 intercostals

What does the posterior intercostal arteries branch from?

subclavian artery

T/F: posterior intercostal arteries are larger than anterior intercostal arteries

true

What does the posterior intercostal veins drain into?

hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos, and azygos

what do the anterior intercostal veins drain into?

internal thoracic or musculophranic veins, which goes to the brachiocephalic vein

What is the innervation of the thorax?

ventral rami of T2-11 spinal nerves

what ramus makes up the subcostal nerve?

ventral ramus of T2

what nerves supply the thoracic wall?

upper 6 intercsotal nerces

what nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall?

thoracoabdominal nerves 7-11

What are the branches of the ventral rami of T2-11

communicating rami

collateral branch

lateral cutaneous branch

anterior cutaneous branch

What do the intercostal nerves supply?

skin and parietal pleura

serratus posterior inferior and superior, intercostal, subcostal and transversus thoracis muscles

In what location is the heart?

vertical: ribs 2-6

horizontal: axillary region to lateral margin of sternum

How many lobules make up the breast

15-20

what separates the lobules of the breast?

cooper’s ligament

what occurs when there is a pathology in cooper’s ligament?

dimpling of the breast

what is found in the retromammary space?

loose CT seaprating breast and pectoralis major

What are the blood vessels of the breast? and where do they come from/drain to?

medial mammary branches (branch from internal thoracic artery)

lateral mammary branches (branch of lateral thoracic artery and posterior intercostal arteries)

veins: internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, and posterior intercostal veins

Where does most of the lymph drain in the breasts?

axillary lymph nodes

What are the secondary lymph nodes of the breasts?

parasternal and intercostal lymph nodes

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

1. Behind aorta and pulmonary trunk

2. Right end between aorta and superior vena cava

3. Left end on left margin of pulmonary trunk

What is the oblique pericardial sinus?

area behind L atrium, has no exit and esophagus lies posterior

what is the innervation of the pericardium

sympathetic chian

parasympathetic: phrenic nerve (fibrous and parietal) and cardiac plexus (visceral)