Lecture 3 (BME 296)

Crystalline

A material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice.

Amorphous

A material with a non-crystalline structure, lacking long-range order in the arrangement of its atoms.

Atomic Packing Factor (APF)

A measure of how efficiently atoms are packed in a crystal structure, calculated as the volume of atoms in a unit cell divided by the volume of the unit cell.

BCC (Body-Centered Cubic)

A type of crystal structure where each unit cell has one atom at each corner and one atom at the center, with an atomic packing factor of 68%.

FCC (Face-Centered Cubic)

A crystal structure where atoms are located at each corner and the center of each face of the cube, known for its higher atomic packing efficiency.

Miller Indices

A notation system in crystallography for planes in crystal lattices, represented by three integers that denote the orientation of a plane.

Point Defect

A type of lattice defect localized at a single site, such as vacancies or interstitials.

Line Defect

A defect in a crystal structure that extends in one dimension, affecting rows of atoms.

Planar Defect

A defect that occurs in two dimensions, affecting surfaces or interfaces within a material.

Volume Defect

A defect that affects three-dimensional aspects of a material, such as inclusions or voids.

Vacancy Defect

A point defect where an atom is missing from its expected site in a crystal lattice.

Self-Interstitial

A type of point defect where an atom occupies an interstitial site in the crystal lattice.

Impurity

An atom that differs from the host atoms in a material, affecting the properties and structure.

Interstitial Solution

A type of solid solution where solute atoms fill spaces in between solvent atoms, usually when the solute is smaller.

Substitutional Solution

A type of solid solution in which solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the crystal lattice.