Human Geography Study Guide

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Vocabulary and concepts for the final exam.

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30 Terms

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Overpopulation

When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment.

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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that describes population change over time.

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Immigration

The movement of people into a new country or region.

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Developed

A country with a high level of economic and social development.

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Push Factor

Factors that cause people to leave their home country.

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Pull Factor

Factors that attract people to a new country.

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Asylum Seeker

A person who has fled their country and is seeking international protection.

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Forced & Voluntary Migration

Migration due to external factors vs. migration due to choice.

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Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents (under 15 or over 64) to the working-age population.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.

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Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of the world through trade, culture, and communication.

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Newly Industrialized Country (NIC)

A country that has recently begun to develop its economy.

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Primary Sector

The sector of the economy that involves the extraction of raw materials.

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Trading Bloc

A group of countries that have agreed to reduce or eliminate trade barriers between themselves.

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Agribusiness

Large-scale, industrial agriculture.

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Food Desert

An area where people have limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

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Monoculture

The practice of growing a single crop in a large area.

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Subsistence Agriculture

Farming that produces enough food for the farmer and their family.

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Metropolitan Area

A large urban area consisting of a city and its surrounding suburbs.

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Suburbanization

The growth of suburbs outside of cities.

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Shantytown

A squatter settlement on the outskirts of a city.

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Central Business District

The commercial heart of a city.

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Boomburg

A rapidly growing suburban city.

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De Facto Segregation

Segregation that exists in practice, even if not by law.

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Gentrification

The process of renovating and improving a deteriorated urban neighborhood by means of an influx of more affluent residents.

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Urban Sprawl

The expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.

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Block Busting

The practice of persuading white homeowners to sell their properties at a loss, due to fears that minority groups would soon be moving into the neighborhood.

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New Urbanism

An urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods.

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New Urbanism

An urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods.

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Urbanization

The process of cities growing and becoming more populated.