Humanities Chapter 5

Tuesday

Named after the Saxon god Tiw.

Wednesday

Named after the Saxon god Woden.

Thursday

Named after the Saxon god Thir.

Friday

Named after Frigg, Woden's wife.

Bury

The Saxon word translated as 'fort'.

Chester

The Saxon word translated as 'camp'.

Churls

Free men who owned farms of 90-100 acres.

Wergeld

The life-price of an individual in Anglo-Saxon law.

Beowulf

An epic poem about a Scandinavian warrior who rids a community of monsters.

Kennings

Compound phrases used in Old English literature to substitute for the usual name of a person or thing.

Columba

The Irish monk who founded a monastery on the Scottish island of Iona.

Augustine

Credited with building a cathedral at Canterbury and a church dedicated to St. Paul in London.

Eadfrith

The bishop who designed the Lindisfarne Gospels.

Celtic Cross

First made by St. Patrick, marked by a Latin cross through a circle.

Charlemagne

Crowned emperor of the Roman Empire on Christmas day, 800 CE, by Pope Leo III.

Roland’s horn

Made from the ivory of an elephant tusk.

Chivalric Code

The strict unwritten code guiding a knight's conduct, emphasizing courage, loyalty, and courtesy to women.

Benedict of Nursia

Established the rule imposed on monasteries throughout Charlemagne’s Frankish kingdom.

Refectory

The dining hall where monks ate their meals.

Hilda of Whitby

Abbess who ran a prominent Anglo-Saxon monastery.

Neum

A musical note used in Gregorian chants.

Bayeux Tapestry

Documenting the Norman invasion of England in 1066.

Domesday Book

Resulted from a survey of England ordered by William I of Normandy.

Chartes

Claimed as its relic the tunic that the Virgin Mary wore at Christ's birth.

Vezelay

Claimed as its relic the bones of Mary Magdalene.

Barrel vault

An elongated arched masonry structure shaped like a half-cylinder.

Voussoir

Wedge-shaped stones that form the arch in a Romanesque church.

Mandorla

An almond-shaped oval of light signifying divinity.

Pope Innocent III

Author of 'On the Misery of the Human Condition' which became official doctrine of the Western Catholic Church.

Memento mori

Translation: the reminder of death.

Odo of Cluny

Credited with developing an early musical notation system.

Guido of Arezzo

Introduced the idea of depicting notes on a staff of lines.

Venice

Manipulated the Fourth Crusade, gaining power as a city-state.

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Established Poiter as a center for secular culture and literary movement.

Beatriz de Dia

Composed 'Cruel Art the Pains I’ve Suffered'.

Chretien de Troyes

Composed 'Lancelot', centered on a knight's adventures in King Arthur’s court.

Medieval Romance

Lancelot is an example of this literary genre.