5.3- Explaining & Classifying Psychological Disorders

3 Ds

Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance from norms

Dysfunction

Behavior interferes with daily functioning

Distress

Personal suffering disturbing to self

Deviation from Norms

Behaviors and emotions that differ significantly from what is considered appropriate or typical for a social group

Stigma

The perception that a certain attribute makes a person unacceptably different from others

Racism

Discrimination based on race

Sexism

Discrimination based on gender

Ageism

Discrimination based on age

Discrimination

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Culture-Bound Disorder

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Classifies and describes disorders (APA)

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

Mental & physical health coding on global scale (WHO)

Eclectic Approach

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Behavioral Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on maladaptive learned associations between or among responses to stimuli

Psychodynamic Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on unconscious thoughts and experiences, often developed during childhood

Humanistic Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on a lack of social support and being unable to fulfill one's potential

Cognitive Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions

Evolutionary Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on behaviors and mental processes that reduce the likelihood of survival

Sociocultural Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on maladaptive social and cultural relationships and dynamic

Biological Perspective on Disorders

The causes of mental disorders focus on physiological, neurotransmitter, or genetic issues

Biopsychosocial Model on Disorders

Assumes that disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states (biological), inner psychological dynamics (thoughts), and social and cultural circumstances (environment)

Diathesis-Stress Model

States that the onset of mental illness involves the interaction of two key factors: a genetic predisposition and an environmental stressor of some kind

Diathesis

Predisposition for a certain disease

Stress (Diathesis-Stress Model)

Environmental stress or trauma