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Brainstorming
Listing down everything that comes into your mind as fast as you can for a certain amount of time.
Origin of Brainstorming
Popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in 1953. He developed this technique after getting frustrated that his employees could not come up with useful techniques.
Brainstorming Tip 1: Cubing
A topic or idea is examined in 5 viewpoints: a. What is the topic? b. What is it like or unlike? c. What does it make you think of? d. How can it be used? e. How can you support or oppose it?
Brainstorming Tip 2: Free Writing
Just keep on writing without worrying about spelling or grammar. The goal is to write what comes to your mind.
Brainstorming Tip 3: Listing
List down what comes to your mind. Enumerate the topic and ideas.
Brainstorming Tip 4: Mapping
Also known as clustering or webbing. A graphic form of listing that involves jotting down ideas on a large writing surface and then making connections with color-coded circles.
Graphic Organizer
A communication tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, ideas, and their relationships.
Purpose of a Graphic Organizer
Provides a visual aid to facilitate learning and instruction.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Concept Map
Graphically illustrates relationships between two or more concepts and are linked by words to describe the relationship.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Webs
Shows how different categories of information relate to one another.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Flow Diagram/Sequence Chart
Shows a series of steps or events in the order in which they will take place.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Venn Diagram
Used to identify the similarities and differences between two or more concepts.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Organizational Chart
Shows the structure of an organization.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Pie Chart
A circular graph divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Graph
A collection of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given relation. Common types include line and bar graphs.
Types of Graphic Organizers: Table
Systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns for ready reference.
Outline
The general plan of what you intend to write. Requires classification of each piece of information and its connection to the topic.
Types of Outlines: Topic Outline
Uses parallel phrases for headings throughout.
Types of Outlines: Sentence Outline
Uses sentences for headings throughout.
Number-Letter Format (Outline)
I. Main Heading A. Subheading 1. Supporting Details 2. Supporting Details II. Main Heading A. Subheading 1. Supporting Details a. Example
Decimal Outline Format
1. Main Heading 1.1 Subheading 1.1.1 Supporting Details 1.1.2 Supporting Details 2. Main Heading 2.1 Subheading 2.1.1 Supporting Details 2.1.1.1 Example