APHUG | Unit 1

terms idrk

Cartography

map-making

projection

method of flattening the round earth

ALL distort (shape, area, distance, and direction) but MOST accurate on center

simplification

what information is relevant to the map being created

aggregation

collection/gathering of things together

reference map

helps you see where things are

where certain places are being put

choropleth map

use COLORS to show value

graduated/proportional symbol map

use different sized symbols to show value

cartogram

distorts LAND area based on the particular variable

Remote Sensing

• Gathering data through sensors/photos (satellites)

Application:

• Land use change

• Farms

• Study of uninhabitable places

• Impact of disasters

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

• combines hardware and software to create detailed maps with layers and analyze spatial data.

Application:

• Location of remaining natural resources over time

• Where to open the next Chipotle

Satellite Navigation Systems (like GPS)

• precise location

• primary purpose is navigation

distribution

arrangement of something over a given area

concentration

spread of something over a given area

diffusion

spread of a feature from one place to another over time

cluster

group into a set

dispersal

distribute/spread over a wide area

core-domain sphere model

a model that shows how cultural traits are strongest in the core, less intense in the domain, and weakest in the sphere.

space-time compression

• world feels smaller due to advancements in technology

• reduction of time it takes for people, goods, and information to travel between places

local scale

• county

• city

• district

sub-national scale

• state

• province

national scale

• country

ecological perspective

relationships between living things and their environment

friction of distance

the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

region

an area of earth’s surface with certain characteristics that make it distinct from other areas

formal region

area that has one or more shared traits

physical (mountain range, climate area)

cultural (language, religion)

data (population, income, ethnicity)

functional region

center of an interest or activity

node

focal point of a functional region

perceptual/vernacular region

defined by people’s perceptions of the area

topographic map

map that uses contour lines to display the terrain and elevation changes in an area

toponym

a name given to a place or location

absolute direction

exact direction a person is heading

fixed points of reference on the Earth's surface

ex. north, south, east, west

relative direction

direction depends on location of other places

absolute distance

exact distance between 2 places

ex. miles, kilometers

relative distance

approximate measurement between two places

ex. 23 hrs travel

remote sensing

collection information about earth’s surface from satellite orbiting the earth

• helps us understand changes over time

• help create thematic system

Global positioning system (GPS)

network of satellites used to determine location of something on the Earth’s surface

concentration

how things are spread out

refers to the degree of closeness or clustering

distance decay

the larger the distance the less interaction