Bio 315: Lab Exam 1

Cranial cavity

Where brain is

Calvaria

The "skull cap" (structure)

Cranial Base

The floor of the cranial cavity (structure)

Anterior Cranial Fossa

Top (depression)

Middle Cranial Fossa

Middle (depression)

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Bottom, back of head (depression)

Orbits

"Eye sockets"

Nasal cavities

Space where nose is

Bony nasal septum

Line down center, divides

Piriform aperture

pear shaped, Outside/outline of nose

Hard palate

Roof of mouth, "brain freeze"

Zygomatic arch

Bone in cheek

Infratemporal fossa

Space

Coronal Suture

side to side

Lambdoidal Suture

Shaped like the Greek letter lambda, curved back

Sagittal Suture

Sagittarius is the archer--think of an arrow, straight down center, cuts in half

Squamous Suture

Scaly (like fish), side of skull, behind where the ear would be

Supraorbital Margin

Above eye (feature)

Parietal Bones

Top of head

Occipital Bone

Back of head

External Occipital Protuberance

bump on back of head (feature)

Occipital Condyles

Articulate with the first cervical vertebra, smooth bumps (feature)

Nuchal lines

(feature)

Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bones

(projection)

Styloid Process of the Temporal bones

Pointy, medial anterior (projection)

Zygomatic Process of the Temporal bones

Back of cheek (projection)

Petrous Portion

Pinch it, contains ear organs of hearing and balance (structure)

Mandibular Fossa

Depression

Crista Galli of the ethmoid bone

ridge on top (structure)

Cribriform Plate of the ethmoid bone

holes (structure)

Perpendicular Plate of the ethmoid bone

Helps form the bony nasal septum, hook (structure)

Orbital Plate of the ethmoid bone

Medial wall , flat surfaces, smooth (structure)

Superior and Middle Conchae of the ethmoid bone

(structures)

Greater Wing of the sphenoid bone

Curved structures, lateral

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Pointy, smaller, medial

Sella Turcica

Saddle in center (depression)

Pterygoid Processes

Legs of the butterfly; 2 below wings

Medial and Lateral Plates of the pterygoid processes

M= plates on inside, smaller

L= wings that are further out

Body of Mandible

Bottom of teeth

Dental Alveoli of the mandible bone

"Tooth sockets" (depression)

Angle of the Mandible

Curve up, where it turns (feature)

Ramus of the Mandible bone

Straight up (feature)

Coronoid Process of the mandible bone

Dolphin fin closer to teeth (projection)

Condylar process of the mandible bone

Further back, blob on back

Head of Mandible

Part that sits in a depression in the maxilla only

Mandibular Notch

"U" shape in center

Body of Maxilla

mustache area (structure)

Infraorbital Margin of the maxillae bone

lower part of eye socket (feature)

Palatine Process

Part of the hard palate, (structure)

Temporal Process (of the zygomatic bone)

Cheek bone (projection)

Horizontal Plate of Palatine Bones

Mid roof of mouth

Perpendicular Plate of Palatine Bones

lateral wall of nasal cavity, up and down, sides of "H", red part going backwards (structure)

Opening for nasolacrimal duct of the lacrimal bones

Looks like fat on the side of nasal cavity (space)

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Bumps, inside of eyes, small, yellow flaps

Vomer

Makes up part of the bony nasal septum

Supraorbital Foramen

Indent above eye, small groove in frontal bone

Infraorbital Foramen

Opening under eye (hole)

Mental Foramen

2 openings/holes on chin

Optic Canal

Most medial hole in orbit, next to boomerang lookin hole

Superior Orbital Fissure

Top corner of the boomerang;

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Bottom lateral corner of boomerang

External Acoustic Meatus

Ear hole

Cribriform Foramina

(Collection of holes)

Foramen Rotundum

hole (most anterior)

Foramen Ovale

biggest hole out of the closest 3 (middle)

Foramen Spinosum

Lateral to biggest hole, smallest (lateral)

Foramen Lacerum

Jagged edge, most posterior, extends

Internal Acoustic Meatus

divot above melted jelly bean

Jugular Foramen

throat, looks like a "J", melted jelly bean

Hypoglossal Canal

Under jugular foramen

Foramen Magnum

space in large bottom hole

Carotid Canal

Internal carotid artery (slightly anterior to foramen lacerum)

Incisive Fossa

hole Behind upper incisor teeth

Greater Palatine Foramen

Near upper molar teeth; back of mouth

Mandibular Foramen

Internal surface of mandible; where spring is attached

Lesser Palatine foramen

two smaller openings located behind the greater Palatine foramen

Frontal Sinuses

Paired; rarely equal in size, forehead

Maxillary Sinuses

Largest, smooth area

Ethmoid Air Cells

Above sinus, back of eye sockets

Hyoid Bone

(structure) anterior neck

Greater horn of the hyoid bone

the larger, posterior projection from the body of the hyoid bone

Lesser horn of the hyoid bone

sticks up in the anterior portion

Cervical Vertebrae (7)

Upper neck/back - first 7 vertebrae (region)

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Middle back, make up rib section (region)

Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

Lower back (region)

Sacrum

almost bottom 5 connected

Coccyx

point at bottom of spine, tailbone (region)

Thoracic Kyphosis

Hump back, hint: c shape (curvature)

Sacral Kyphosis

Bottom c shape (think about where this is facing in the body) (curvature)

Cervical Lordosis

What is this curvature?

Lumbar Lordosis

backwards c shape (curvature)

Vertebral Canal

where spinal cord would sit (space)

Intervertebral Foramina

between two vertebrae (opening)

body of vertebra

solid anterior portion of a vertebra

vertebral arch

surrounds vertebral foramen (structure)

Laminae of the vertebral arch

"roof" of the vertebral arch

Pedicles of the vertebral arch

"walls" of vertebral arch

Spinous Process of the vertebrae

The portion of the vertebrae that sticks out posteriorly. (projection)

Transverse Processes of the vertebrae

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch (projection)

Superior Articular Processes of the vertebrae

Smooth, "giraffe horns" or "antlers" on top(projection)