Chemistry 1: Phases of Matter - Liquids

Flashcards covering polarity, intermolecular forces, physical properties, and water.

What is the relationship between IMFA strength and boiling/melting points?

Boiling and melting points of liquids are directly proportional to IMFA strength and molecular masses.

Arrange these substances in order of increasing boiling points: CCl4, Cl2, ClNO, N2

N2 < Cl2 < ClNO < CCl4

What is viscosity?

The resistance of a liquid to flow.

How does IMFA strength affect viscosity?

Viscosity increases with stronger IMFA.

How does temperature affect viscosity?

Viscosity decreases with higher temperature.

What causes surface tension in water?

Extra inward forces on the surface of the water.

Define surface tension.

The tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer.

Define cohesive forces.

Intermolecular forces that bind similar molecules to one another.

Define adhesive forces.

Intermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface.

What is capillary action?

The rise of liquids up narrow tubes.

What roles do adhesive and cohesive forces play in capillary action?

Adhesive forces attract the liquid to the wall of the tube, while cohesive forces attract the liquid to itself. They work together to move liquid up close surfaces.

What is vapor pressure?

The partial pressure of the substance in the vapor phase that is present above the liquid sample in a closed container; the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid phase to the gaseous state.

What are volatile substances?

Substances with high vapor pressure at normal temperatures.

How does IMFA affect vapor pressure?

Liquids with weak IMFA will have higher vapor pressure at a given temperature.